UTILIZATION OF THE FISH WASTE OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 5 



this purpose a " lead " is built, consisting of a line of net or woven 

 wire supported on piles or posts and extending from a height slightly 

 greater than that reached by high water to the bottom. It extends at 

 right angles to the shore outward to a suitable depth. 



The fish, in moving along the shore, encounter the "lead " and turn 

 outward toward deep water to pass around the obstruction. To in- 

 tercept them the trap proper is provided with a V-shaped entrance 

 designed to lead them, as they swim outward, into the trap. This, 

 from its shape, is spoken of as the " heart " of the trap. The outer 

 ends of the two branches of the V are provided with "jiggers," an 

 inward extension of the ends of the limbs of the V, so constructed as 

 to divert back into the "heart" the fish seeking to escape around 

 them. The apex of the first heart enters a smaller and supplementary 

 heart of similar shape, which terminates at its apex in an elongated, 

 constricted portion of its netting, called the " tunnel," and enters the 

 "pot." The "pot" is a cubical compartment, which may be joined 

 on one or both sides, by means of a shorter " tunnel," with the 

 " spiller." The latter receives the captured fish and acts as the re- 

 ceptacle from which they later are unloaded from the trap. 



The trap usually is constructed of piles driven into the bottom. 

 These are connected at the top by stringers. Upon the piles and sup- 

 ported by the stringers is stretched the net constituting the walls of 

 the various compartments. The bottom or floor of the heart slopes 

 upward toward the " tunnel." This, by leading the fish swimming 

 near the bottom up into the trap, obviates the necessity of extending 

 the subsequent compartments of the trap entirely to the bottom. 

 These then are built only to a convenient depth ; they are floored as 

 well as walled with net. 



A later modification of the trap, designed to do away with the ex- 

 pense of driving piles, or for use in locations not suitable for pile 

 driving, is the floating trap. The shape of the floating trap essen- 

 tially is the same as that of the stationary trap. It is constructed of 

 a staunch framework of logs bolted together, which floats and from 

 which extend sections of iron pipe to support the requisite nets. The 

 lead likewise floats. It is a string of logs beneath which woven wire 

 is stretched between sections of iron pipe supported by the logs. The 

 whole is securely anchored in position. 



A trap which is catching fish is said to be " fishing." The captured 

 fish are transferred to a scow for conveyance to the cannery. To 

 load, the scow is made fast to the pilings supporting the " spiller " ; 

 or, in the case of the floating trap, to the logs constituting the sup- 

 porting frame of the "spiller." The "tunnel" from the "pot" to 

 the " spiller " is closed and the walls of the latter are dropped almost 

 to the surface of the water. (See PI. I, fig. 1.) 



