UTILIZATION OF THE FISH WASTE OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 7 



HAUL SEINES. 



This type of seine may vary in length from 500 to 2,500 feet. In 

 its center is a baglike section, sometimes called the "bunt 5 " which 

 may be about 300 feet in length. Two boats are required to operate 

 the seine, one a dory, which holds the more nearly stationary end of 

 it, and the other a large seine boat, which carries the seine and plays 

 it out in such manner as to encircle the fish. The dory approaches 

 the shore directly, while the seine boat approaches it after completing 

 a wide curve in the water. The seine usually is drawn ashore, most 

 frequently upon a favorably sloping sandbar, by means of horses. 



This method of fishing is adapted only to locations where a smooth 

 and gently sloping shore is available, so that the seine can be hauled 

 in promptly and easily before the fish have escaped. It most fre- 

 quently is seen in use on the Columbia River. 



GILL NETS. 



The size and shape of gill nets are determined by the character- 

 istics of the body of water in which they are to be used, and the 

 dimensions of the meshes by the size of the salmon to be caught. The 

 net is supported by corks and is kept distended by leads attached to 

 the bottom. It is stationed in the tidal or river current in such man- 

 ner as to form the letter "L," with the end of the longer branch 

 against the shore and the other flowing loose in the current. As the 

 position of the net is usually maintained by the current without the 

 assistance of stakes, where the current is tidal the net is placed at 

 the beginning of a tide and is taken in before a change in the direction 

 of flow occurs. As the success of this manner of fishing depends on 

 the entanglement of the fish in the meshes of the net, it can be ap- 

 plied only under those conditions whereby the net is rendered in- 

 visible to the fish, in muddy water or at night. 



At the end of the fishing period the seine is pulled aboard the boat 

 of the attendant, the enmeshed fish being removed as the net is 

 drawn in. The same form of net may be made fast in the stream 

 by stakes or other anchorages and may be allowed to " fish " as long 

 as the attendant sees fit. 



Perhaps the greatest objection to this form of fish-taking appa- 

 ratus lies in the fact that the enmeshed fish are killed, probably im- 

 mediately, and are permitted to remain suspended in the water for 

 an unknown period. The fact certainly can not be regarded as 

 enhancing the value of the fish, and may render the fish undesirable 

 for food. 



FISH WHEELS. 



Fish wheels are designed to catch the salmon on their course up 

 the rivers in which the wheels are placed. They are of various 



