38 BULLETIN" 150, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



beneath the storage bins so that it can be done entirely by gravity. 

 That it be loaded thus by gravity is a virtual necessity, as pitching 

 the material from the bin into the scow by manual labor would be too 

 expensive. But it not often is found to be possible to load the scow 

 by gravity at high tides, and therein lies the chief objection to 

 the method. 



The bin so placed would be loaded by sluicing the cuttings directly 

 into it. This would entail no extra labor over that of the present 

 practice. The bin should be built with a bottom sloping toward an 

 opening through which the waste could be admitted as desired into 

 the scow. In the sides of the bin, sections of close-mesh wire netting 

 could be inserted, if desired, to permit the excess water to drain 

 away ; or, since the cutings are heavy and will sink, the water could 

 be permitted to run over the top edges of the bin. The latter is un- 

 desirable as entailing an extra and unnecessary weight on the bin. 



An additional advantage of any system involving the use of stor- 

 age bins is that, under favorable conditions, a large-capacity scow 

 can make the circuit of the canneries tended, collecting what material 

 has accumulated since the last round, whether that amount be large 

 or small. 



(3) Storage bins placed on the dock at each cannery would pos- 

 sess the advantage that they could be unloaded by gravity at any 

 tide. The chief objection to them would be that they would have to 

 be loaded mechanically. The waste would have to be brought from 

 beneath the cannery floor, by conveyor, outward and upward, to the 

 bins, involving the expense for installation and operation of the 

 conveyors. As this is the method which, under the conditions usually 

 obtaining, is the only one under absolute mechanical control and 

 therefore the only reliable one, it perhaps is the most desirable 

 method of the three. On the other hand, there is no reason why the 

 method to be employed at each cannery can not be determined by the 

 conditions peculiar to that cannery. No hard and fast rule need be 

 applied. 



Tugs. — The number of tugs required to collect the raw material 

 from the various canneries would be determined by conditions such 

 as the number of canneries tended, their output in waste, the system 

 of collecting, the capacity of the scows employed, and especially 

 the position of the canneries with respect to each other and the 

 rendering station. In elaboration of the last-named condition it 

 should be pointed out further that if the canneries were situated in 

 such a way that the direct course from the farthest one to the sta- 

 tion lay past the others, one tug and scow or scows of sufficient 

 capacity could collect the load from a number of canneries on one 

 trip. 



