UTILIZATION OF THE FISH WASTE OF THE PACIFIC OCEAN. 49 



The output in scrap of the by-products department of the average 

 cannery, one putting up 50,000 cases, would be not more than 115 

 tons for the season, or, on the basis of 900 cases for the maximum 

 daily pack, not more than 5,000 pounds per day. For bagging this 

 small amount of scrap no special apparatus need be installed, though 

 bagging would be facilitated if the scrap were elevated to and de- 

 livered into a storage bin from the bottom of which it could be drawn 

 off into sacks by the bagger as desired. As a sack is made to hold 

 100 pounds, 50 bags would be required for the maximum daily out- 

 put. Adequate floor space must be available for spreading the scrap 

 for cooling when first removed from the drier. Vats for receiving 

 and for the subsequent treatment of the oil and water removed by 

 pressing must be provided. These should be on a level below that 

 of the press so that the oil and water can be delivered into them by 

 gravity; or if this arrangement is not convenient, a pump should be 

 provided for raising the liquids to the vats. In either case, some sort 

 of vat must be constructed beneath the presses as a temporary re- 

 ceptacle for these. 



To separate the water and oil, the mixture should be allowed to 

 stand in a vat, being kept hot by steam coils. The oil rising to the sur- 

 face should be permitted to flow over a weir into a second vat, while 

 the water is drawn off through a lower opening. If found desirable, 

 an arrangement m.a.j be provided for drawing off likewise the finely 

 divided solids which settle to the bottom of the vat. For effecting a 

 simple purification of the oil, the second vat should be equipped with 

 steam pipes with perforations so that steam may be bubbled into 

 the oil. Then it may be drawn off into a tank for storage, or directly 

 into barrels for shipment. The total output in oil from the sug- 

 gested plant would not be more than 20,000 gallons, assuming a yield 

 of 25 gallons per ton of raw material rendered ; or, 450 gallons as the 

 maximum daily output. 



COST. 



APPARATUS. 



While the cost of a plant will be determined, of course, by a 

 number of interdependent circumstances, the following estimates 

 will serve to convey some idea of the outlay required to equip a by- 

 products plant for a one-line cannery. Vats of sheet iron of about 

 5 tons capacity are obtainable for $350 each. » A press may be ob- 

 tained for as little as $300, or $800 may be paid for it, depending 

 on the nature of the press. Driers of the type mentioned cost not 

 more than $600. For a capacity of 4,500 pounds per six hours, six 

 of these would be required. For the purchase of conveyors and 

 other sorts of equipment, such as pipes, etc, and their installation, 

 it is estimated that $1,000 would be adequate. A building 20 feet 



