THE EUEOPEAlSr ELF SCALE IN THE WEST. 3 



(17) , was adopted, so that now the proper name is considered by 

 most entomologists to be Gossyparia spuria (Modeer). 



The latest change has been by the European coccidologist Lind- 

 inger (12, p. 331), who put this species into Eriococcus, where the 

 writer considers that it rightfully belongs. No move has been made 

 toward accepting this name in the United States so far, however, 

 so that the writer does not feel inclined to use it in this paper. 



The two genera, Gossyparia and Eriococcus, are separable only 

 from the fact that the adult female of the former secrets a semi- 

 cocoon, while the latter entirely covers itself with a cottony cocoon. 

 This means that Gossyparia spuria lacks wax-secreting glands on 

 the dorsum, which can hardly be considered a generic character. If 

 the name Ericoccus spurius is accepted, then the genus Gossyparia 

 will become a synonym of Eriococcus, as spuria is the type of that 

 genus. 



From time to time this insect has been referred to under the fol- 

 lowing names: Coccus ulmi, C. spurius, C. laniger, C. gramuntii, 

 Chermes ulmi, Nidularia lanigera, N. gramuntii, Gossyparia ulmi, 

 G. gramuntii, G. spuria, and finally Eriococcus spurius. 



DISTRIBUTION AND SPREAD. 



DISTRIBUTION. 



This common pest is widely distributed, not only in North 

 America but also in Europe, where it reaches from Spain to Tur- 

 key and as far north as Norway. Kuwana (11) has also reported it 

 from the province of Shinano, Japan. The writer has seen speci- 

 mens from there collected by Mr. Kuwana, however, which undoubt- 

 edly are not Gossyparia spuria, but are some rather closely related 

 species. The writer is informed that Mr. Kuwana is now of the same 

 opinion. Instead of being encircled with fringe of wax, the body of 

 the mature female is entirely covered with it— a character which 

 should place this species in the genus Eriococcus. 



In America the scale is found both in Canada, where it has been 

 reported from the provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and in the 

 United States, where it occurs in 27 States and the District of 

 Columbia. It is still spreading, for occasionally a new State is 

 added to the list. The scale is known to occur in the following East- 

 ern, Central, and Southern States : Maine, New Hamshire, Vermont, 

 Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, 

 Pennsylvania, Maryland, District of Columbia, Virginia, West Vir- 

 ginia, Ohio, Michigan, Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa, Mis- 

 souri, Alabama and Louisiana. 



In the west the scale occurs in the following States : Colorado, 

 Utah, Nevada, Idaho, Washington, and California. (Fig. 1.) Its 

 distribution in these States is more or less limited. In Colorado, 

 C. P. Gillette, State entomologist, reports that it has been doing 

 damage for some time in the city of Denver. George M. List (15) , 

 his chief deputy, has since reported it from Golden and from near 

 Fruita, Mesa County. W. W. Henderson, entomologist of the Utah 

 Agricultural Experiment Station, states that to his personal knowl- 

 edge it exists in isolated places about 100 miles north and south 



