THE EUROPEAN ELM SCALE IN THE WEST. 7 



J.ARVM. 



Fikst Stage (Pl. I, B). 



Color bright yellow soon after hatching. Length 0.45 millimeter; width 

 0.19 millimeter. Of an elongate oval form, rounded anteriorly and tapering 

 posteriorly to a pair of pointed processes, each bearing one long and several 

 short setae. Anal ring, occurring between these processes or lobes, with six 

 setae or hairs. Legs rather stout, with short tibiae. Usual two pairs of thoracic 

 spiracles present. A single row of blunt spines on the lateral margin of larva 

 and a double row extending down the back, some reduced to rudiments. Also 





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Fig. 3. — Females of the European elm scale : 1, Dead females in winter on corky elm 

 (natural size) ; 2, living females in summer (enlarged about 4 diameters). (Do ten.) 



six extra spines on head and a number of very small spines on dorsum. An- 

 tennae (PI. Ill, A) rather stout and 6-segmented, sixth segment longest, fourth 

 and fifth subequal and shortest, each segment bearing several hairs. 



. Second Stage (Pl. I, C). 



Full-grown second-stage larva reddish brown in color. (In life of a gray 

 appearance, due to the protruding wax.) Body oval in outline, rounded ante- 

 riorly and rather pointed posteriorly, about 1.1 millimeters long and 0.6 milli- 

 meter wide. Eyes situated near margin of body behind antennae. Legs rather 

 long and slender. Two pairs of thoracic spiracles present. Anal ring com- 

 pound, bearing six setae and situated between two prominent pointed anal 

 lobes, each bearing a long slender spine on its tip, also several shorter spines 

 on lobes. Entire dorsum covered with stout blunt spines and arranged more 

 or less in two rows on each abdominal segment. Few small spines on venter. 



