HOW ON ORES OF MANGANESE AND THEIR USES. 181 



made to the depth of four or five feet, and the ore became more 

 plentiful, but was so variable in amount that while on one occasion 

 two and a half barrels were got by a man in one day, the average 

 quantity obtained was about half a barrel per day per man. This 

 variation arises from the ore occurring not in regular veins but in 

 separate masses, often lenticular, in pockets of various sizes. The 

 first considerable collection of ore sent from the mines was landed 

 at Windsor in June 1863, for transmission to England. It con- 

 sisted of thirty-three barrels, equal to about seven and a half tons 

 English ; it was picked ore and looked very rich and uniform in 

 quality ; the highest percentage of binoxide I know of from Teny 

 Cape was found in a sample I put in the hands of Mr. D. Brown, 

 a pupil of mine, who obtained 95 per cent., and when this lot of 

 ore was sent to England, it averaged on analysis in Liverpool 91-5 

 per cent, binoxide, and gave less than half a per cent, iron : it sold 

 there half for £8 10s., half for £9 sterling per ton, being disposed 

 of to different buyers. Messrs. Tennant of Glasgow, great con- 

 sumers of manganese, are reported to have said they had never 

 seen ore so fine. In April 1864, what appeared to be a vein of 

 five feet two inches thick was struck ; I visited the mine in June, and 

 saw many tons of ore piled up, and one huge mass of perhaps 

 three tons weight laid bare in situ. Mr. John Browne, the 

 manager of the mines, has obligingly furnished me with a report, 

 dated February 16th, 1865, from which I give some extracts : after 

 narrating the facts I had learned from Mr. Mosher, given above, he 

 says : " On the south side of the ridge a large open cutting was 

 brought in running nearly north and south, in which was discovered 

 the first large deposit at a depth of only fifteen feet from the sur- 

 face. It extended some twelve fathoms in length, varying in thick- 

 ness from fourteen feet to as little as six inches. From this pocket 

 Ave took from one hundred and twenty to one hundred and thirty 

 tons, leaving nothing in the bottom but a few small veins. Upon 

 these we sank our shaft, and at a depth of fifteen feet, making in all 

 thirty feet from surface, we intersected pocket No. 2 immediately 

 underneath the first deposit, and making in the same dii*ection. The 

 manganese in the second pocket is of far superior quality to that 

 found nearer the surface, and we have returned from it some 

 hundred and eighty tons. Up to the present time we have been 



