76 GILPIN ON THE TROUT AND SALMON. 



lar establishment in the Province, the best opportunities have been 

 afforded for a fair trial. The experiments have been carried out by 

 Dr. Krackowizer, the manager of the mines, in conjunction with 

 Prof. Lawson of Dalhousie College, whose laboratory investigations 

 of the process were detailed sometime ago to the Institute of 

 Natural Science. The results are highly satisfactory, and fully con- 

 firm the favourable opinion that has been formed of Crooke's process, 

 and of its adaptability to Nova Scotian ores. One great advantage 

 of the process is the action of the sodium amalgam upon pyrites, 

 which material abounds in our quartz veins and is known to contain 

 gold, but has hitherto been accumulating around, the mines in enor- 

 mous quantities as a waste material. A portion of this material 

 operated upon by the new process gave at the rate of 5 oimces of 

 gold per ton of pijr il.es. This is regarded as a remarkable result, and 

 one that will certainly lead to the profitable extraction of gold from 

 pyrites, esjaecially as no exti'a apparatus is needed such as would be 

 necessary for the chlorine process." 



No. X. On the Food Fishes of Nova Scotia. No. IV. The 

 Trouts and Salmons. By J. Bernard Gilpin, A. B., M. D., 

 M. R. C. S., 



[Read April 2, 1866.] 

 I HAVE identified five species of the genus Salmo, as inhabiting 

 the fresh and sea waters of this Province. They all closely resem- 

 ble each other, in their powerful tail, and strong muscular back, 

 their armature of numerous and recurved teeth, their tendency in 

 the young to vertical markings, and the most of them to spots, — 

 by all having the false or internal opercle as noticed by Muller, — by 

 all spawning in November, — and all requiring highly aerated water 

 in which to deposit their ova, thus seeking shallow streams of swift 

 running water, — by hunting for their food singly, or in small num- 

 bers, — by a common voracity, and boldness, all with one exception 

 having the power of throwing themselves several feet above the 

 surface of the water, — by all seemingly enjoying life, and parting 

 with it by fierce struggles — this last makmg them game-fish, — and 

 lastly, by all of them being marked by a fatty fin, without rays, 

 a typical mark whose use we cannot explain, and which they share 

 with the very kindred geni of Corregonus, and TJiymallus. 



