GILPIN ON THE TROUT AND SALMON. 89 



girth in front of dorsal and about one-quarter of length to insertion of tail. The 

 labials arched, the eye very prominent and set high in the head, about two 

 diameters from tip of nose, not quite foui- to outer edge of opercle, pre-operele 

 very thick and puffy, its outline at right angles with line of body, and subcir- 

 cular. Interior edge of inter-opercle parallel with line of body. Colour 

 fresh from water, black on back running to dusky below lateral line, where it 

 assumes a yellowish wash and ending in white on the belly (one was mottled 

 or obscurely spotted with white on sides, another had vertical bars of dusky). 

 Head of the same colour as body, a little bronze on opercle and pre-opercle, 

 tip and edges of chin blackish and below white. The dusky hue was caused 

 by minute dots, the dots taking the form of scales on the belly. The colour of 

 fins was — dorsal dusky yellow, spotted with three irregular rows of spots, rays 

 lighter than webs, adipose blackish, pectoral and ventral yellowish dusky, when 

 folded tips dark, a slight orange wash on tips, anal and caudal yellowish 

 dusky, a slight orange wash on tips in anal. Teeth on palatines, vomer, 

 upper and lower maxillarics, intermaxillaries and tongue, in one a few teeth 

 down the centre of tongue as well as on the sides, upper lip notched to receive 

 lower. D. 10, P. 14, V. 9, A. 8. Gill rays, 12. The first dorsal ray very 

 thick, containing perhaps a rudimentary ray, the first rays of all the lower fins 

 flat and thick, caudal cleft about one-half a length but outline rounded. Irides 

 salmon yellow, scales minute, typical marks very large head, one-fourth length, 

 fleshy pre-opercle and teeth down the middle of tongue. 



These young fish resembled m outline, the plate of S. Siscpwitz 

 (Agassiz), the fins differing. They also resembled Norris's figure 

 (American Angler) of S. Adirondacus, but in comparing them with 

 other specimens weighing from seven to ten pounds, I found these 

 last coincided with Dekay's figure, except that it is feebly drawn and 

 not giving the strong characteristics of the adult fish, and that both, 

 although the young fish was slender and elongated, and the older 

 thick and stout, preserve the strong typical marks of the species. 

 The large eyes set high in the head, and projecting orbit, the very 

 fleshy pre-opercle, the short distance between posterior end of anal 

 and caudal fins, the same colour and teeth, both having the very 

 peculiar triple row on tongue, and the very large head. As the 

 fish becomes larger all these typical marks become stronger, till one 

 weighing twenty pounds or upwards, in his huge and fleshy ja^vs, 

 thick back and tail and great girth, resembles more a cod than a 

 salmon. Of the half dozen I examined, one, evidently an old fish, 

 had an irregularity of caudal fins, the lower lobe much the longer- 

 I attributed it to an injury, but Col. Hardy noticed the same irregu- 

 larity, and Mr. T. Mackie, ^v ho has fished numbers of them, assured 

 me it was quite common. I have no explanation for these facts. 

 As regards colour, w^hen taken immediately out of the water, the 



