TABLE OF CONTENTS. 



PEEP ACE p. 3 



ORANGE SAND : characterizes the surface of the State ; wanting in four 

 divisions only, p. 5 ; thickness of, ancient hills in, 6 ; stratification 

 irregular, character of materials, 7 ; rocky knolls and ferruginous 

 sandstone ledges in, 8 ; singular tubes in, 9 ; ferruginous sand rock not 

 iron ore ; singular rock in process of formation at present, 10 ; white 

 sands of, their localities, 11 ; pebble beds of; two distinct regions of 

 their occurrence ; their extent and direction, 11, 12; material of the 

 pebbles, their size and form, 12, 13 ; usual mode of occurrence, 14 ; 

 singular rock of, clay deposits of, 14, 15 ; general character of these, 

 metamorphosis of materials in the Orange Sand, 15 ; diagram illustrat- 

 ing it, 16 ; fossils of the Orage Sand, Devonian, Silurian, Carboniferous, 

 17, 18 ; contains only the fossils of other formations, 17 ; singular 

 hornstone breccia in, 18 ; remarkable decaying pebbles of, 19 ; Creta- 

 ceous fossils in, 19 ; Tertiary fossils in, 20 ; silicified wood in, 20, 21 ; 

 diagram illustrating contact of Orange Sand strata with those of other 

 formations, 23 ; effect of contact of Orange Sand with Lignitic Clays, 

 silicified wood in, abundance of Soluble Silica, 24 ; singular silicious 

 mass in, 25 ; pebble beds coincident in their position with the course 

 of the great rivers at present existing, 26 ; relations of the Orange Sand 

 to the Northern Drift, 27, 28 ; stratification of Sands on the Sea-Coast, 

 diagram illustrating, Tuomey quoted, 29 ; useful materials of the Orange 

 Sand — sands, gravel, gems, 30 ; building stones, sandstone, 31 ; locali- 

 ties of, 32, 33 ; pipe-clay ; localities of, 34, 35, 36 ; uses of this clay, 37, 

 38 ; cream colored clays, 38 ; potter's clay, 39, 40, 41 ; important bed 

 of red clay valuable for paint, 41, 42 ; mode of its formation, 42 ; yel- 

 low and red ochre, 43 ; iron ore, materials for glass, 43, 44 ; waters of 

 the Orange Sand — quality, quantity, availability, 44, 45, 46. 

 CAEBONIFEROUS : Territory occupied by, small; outcrops few; order of 

 Strata not easily determined, dip, outcrops correspond to Keokuk and 

 Warsaw Limestones of Iowa Report, 47 ; materials of, p. 48 ; localities 

 of, Red Sulphur Springs, hydraulic limestone, 48 ; singular decaying 

 hornstone ; Tuomey quoted; calcareous shale and fossils ; whitish chert 

 and fossils ; limestone and fossils of Cypress Pond, 50, 51 ; Section of 

 Carboniferous at McDouglas' Mills : localities continued, 52 ; useful 

 materials of — hydraulic limestone, 63 ; analysis and localities of, 54, 

 55 ; mode of manufacture, value of, 55, 56 ; limestone for quicklime, 

 analysis of, 56 ; building stones, grindstones and flagstones, 57 ; mate- 

 rials for glass, 58 ; mineral waters, springs, etc., 60. 



