TO, G4] WHITE PIPE CLAY, 35 



common ferruginous sand and brown sandstone, on the hilltops. 



Similar outcrops appear in the neighborhood of Mr. Aleck 

 Peden's place, on SS. 3J and 27, T. 5, R. 10 E.,N. E. of Pannel's, 

 Here also, a white stratum of which only a few feet are exhibited^ 

 is overlaid by pebble conglomerate, and this by the common Orange 

 Sand. The white mass varies from pure plastic clay, to fine grained 

 aluminous sandstone ; its upper layers are sometimes composed of 

 a singular conglomeratic mass, consisting of small, white quartz 

 pebbles imbedded in pure white pipeclay. In both localities, 

 copious springs of pure water are shed by the impervious clay 

 strata ; at Mr. Peden's there is a fine, bold chalybeate spring, which 

 seems, however, to derive its mineral ingredients (sulphates of iron 

 and magnesia, and common salt) from the adjacent carboniferous 

 strata rather than from those of the Orange Sand. In either of 

 the localities mentioned, materials suitable for fine pottery, or 

 qucensware, might be obtained. 



63. Thence northward, the stratum is not often found outcrop- 

 ping, but, as has been stated, 20 to 30 feet below the surface of the 

 uplands; the country being but slightly undulating. At Mr. 

 Clingscale's S. 8, T. 5, R. 11 E., the clay stratum was struck at 

 the depth of about 30 feet, beneath sand and pebbles ; it was dug 

 into, without being passed through, for nearly 30 feet more, no 

 water being obtained from below, but dripping in above from the base 

 of the pervious strata. The whiteness and plasticity of the material 

 seemed to increase with the depth. The best portions of what was 

 dug out of the well in question, had already been removed at the 

 time of my visit, having been used for various economical purposes, 

 us i: chalk,'' whitewash, and " Lily-white." The specimens examined 

 were, therefore, rather below the average quality, and on long 

 exposure to the air, their surface shows some yellowish spots. I 

 found, nevertheless, that in baking at a high heat they yielded a 

 biscuit of greater whiteness than their natural color when fresh ; 

 and that fine splinters, exposed for ten minutes to the highest heat 

 of the mouth blowpipe, retained its shape perfectly while reduced 

 to a semi-transparent frit. A quantitative analysis of the clay 

 from Clingscale's well gave the following result : 



