14i) GEOLOGICAL REPORT. [f226, 227, 22K, 229' 



ledges of limestone (the uppermost of which is rather cavernous), a lenticular 

 mas' of calcareous spar, 18 inches to 2 feet in thickness, possessing a drusy 

 surface, and composed of many layers which, when struck, cleave into acicular 

 prisms of irregular form, disposed as usual at right angles to the surfaces or 

 nuclji on which the layers have been formed. A few stalactites which we find 

 imbedded in the upper surface show this mass to have been formed in what was 

 originally a small cave, by means of calcareous solutions infiltrated from above. 

 — Beyond the usual fossils, a Scutettaf — is very common here; it is always 

 converted into brown calcareous spar. 



226. At Dr. I. M. Quin's, 4 miles S. E. of Brandon, we find limestone under- 

 hid by whitish urn-Is, a profile of which, as well as analysis of the latter, will 

 be found below (T[285). I have not explored personally the country on the 

 Brandon and Raleigh road, but according to reliable information, outcrops similar 

 to those at Dr. Quin's and a country resembling that N. and E. of Brandon, 

 continue on to Polkville and beyond, where, on the waters of the Okahay, the 

 calcareous as well as the gypseous prairie are well developed ; e. g. in the neigh- 

 borhood, and N. of, Mr. L. E. Crook's place, S. 14, T. 3, R. 7 E. 



227. Due N. of Raleigh, at Mr. Austin's mill, S. 18, T. 3,R. 8 E., we find, 

 in the bed of a creek, blue marl with well preserved Vicksburg fossils ; the 

 material being, however, very changeable, and sometimes containing large 

 indurate lumps. On the ridges E. of Raleigh, in descending to Shongalo Creek, 

 we find at a level considerably above the marl at Austin's mill, outcrops of 

 Orbitoides limestone ; on the summits of these ridges, we find the Orange Sand 

 underlaid by white friable sandstone of the Grand Gulf Group, and in wells on 

 the ridge (as at Mr. Craft's) lignito-gypseous strata are struck. Between Shon- 

 gnlo and Bowland's Creek, on the Garlandsville road, the lignito-gypseous strata, 

 as well as the sandstone, are wanting, while at the level at which these are 

 found on the ridges near Raleigh, the Orbitoides limestone 'appears — forming 

 ridges with flat backs, on which round knolls of Orange Sand are perched, 

 while on the hillsides, we find prairie soil. — After crossing Bowland's Creek, 

 on the Garlandsville road, no more limy strata appear until we reach the 

 Nichols neighborhood, where the Zenglod on bones are found (Tf207). 



228. I have not personally explored the territory of the Vicksburg Group in 

 S. Jasper ; it is described, however, as being entirely similar to that in Smith 

 county, even as, still further S. E., I have found it in Wayne. Observations 

 made by Prof. W. D. Moore, on the Paulding and Williamsburg road, show line 

 outcrops of the .strata of this group to exist near Judge McCollum's, at a poin* 

 about 3 miles S. W. of Paulding, where there appear on the hillsides, strata 

 characterized by great numbers of the Schizaster, occurring with Pectm Poulsoni ; 

 and at a lower level, the Vicksburg bed containing Ostrca gigantet, crops out. 

 As in the territory of the Jackson Group, N. of this, the appearance of outcrops 

 is very much dependent upon accidental circumstances, since the ridges consist 

 of Orange Sand, and it is oidy in the deeper channels that the eocene strata are 

 exposed at all. 



221). In Wayne county, W. of the ChickisaAvhay River, in T. 9, R. 7 W., the 

 ridges are also to a great extent composed of Orange Sand ; yet we frequently 

 find strati of sandy marls with Orbitoides and Pecten Poulsoni, cropping out on 

 the hillsides, and sometimes on the hilltops also. 



On the Chicka5aAvhay, between lie 1 Bluff and the latitude of Waynesboro', 

 bot'.i marls and limestones crop out with frequency ; the same is the easj on tho 

 creeks on the E. side, as on C.ikchey's Mill-creek, and Limestone Creek; 

 especially nsir the mouth of the latter, at. the foot of the hill on which Dr. E. A. 

 Miller lives — the most southerly outcrop of the calcareous Eocene on tho 

 Chickasavvh ly . The sections exhibited here in the river banks and cuts of the 

 R. 11 , correspond so closely to those between Yost's Lime-kiln and Brandon 

 Dei ot (TT218), that the specimens can hardly be distinguished from each other 

 when placed sido by side : the only difference being the great abundance of 



