2 BULLETIN 209, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Pacific coast conditions. These questions still remain the broad 

 cardinal problems, but the facilities for their solution have been much 

 enlarged and a number of subordinate problems that developed in 

 the prosecution of the work have been taken up as far as the means 

 and facilities of the Department of Agriculture permitted. 



COOPERATIVE EXPERIMENT VINEYARDS AND THEIR NATURE. 



To afford facilities for solving these problems, the Bureau of Plant 

 Industry has established 12 experiment vineyards on the Pacific 

 coast. One of these is at the Plant Introduction Field Station, Chico, 

 CaL, and 11 are located in various other grape-growing centers in 

 cooperation with growers. 



A brief description of the purpose, location, soil, and climatic con- 

 ditions at or near each of these vineyards follows. (Fig. 1.) Those 

 desiring correlation and mechanical analyses of the soils and fuller cli- 

 matic data are referred to Bulletin 172 of the Bureau of Plant Industry. 

 The soil descriptions are from data furnished by the Bureau of Soils, 

 while the weather data are taken from records furnished by the San 

 Francisco office of the Weather Bureau, through Prof. McAdie, and 

 from observations made in the experiment vineyards. 



MAIN VINEYARDS. 



Three primary vineyards of 20 acres each are located near Oak- 

 ville, near Fresno, and at Guasti, Cal. 



At the Oakville, Fresno, and Guasti experiment vineyards viticul- 

 tural material introduced from foreign countries is tested. In these 

 vineyards the adaptability to different localities and the value of 

 grape varieties for different uses is determined ; the relative resistance 

 of grape varieties to destructive insects and diseases is inquired into; 

 the congeniality of grape varieties to the different resistant sorts is 

 determined ; and grape varieties not now grown in the Vinif era regions 

 of this country are tested, with a view to the possibility of their sup- 

 planting some of the varieties now grown. Experiments to determine 

 how the various varieties should be propagated, grafted, pruned, 

 trained, and otherwise cared for are under way. These vineyards 

 offer some opportunity for the broad viticultural research and experi- 

 mental work that is needed, and furnish praotical object lessons in 

 viticulture and facilities for solving some of the many commercial 

 problems of the industry. 



OAKVILLE EXPERIMENT VINEYARD. 



The Oakville Experiment Vineyard (PI. I, fig. 1) was established in 

 the spring of 1903, and is located 1 mile west of Oakville, Napa Co. ? 

 Cal., on the property of the To-Kalon Vineyard Company, at an ele- 

 vation of 161 feet above sea level. The soil is a dark-brown or black 



