156 BULLETIN 209, U. S. DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE. 



Cuttings of many hybrids root easily, although the cuttings from 

 one of the parents may be hard to root. 



Where conditions are not suited to a given species, they are often 

 well adapted to hybrids of that species with some other species. 



As cuttings of Monticola, Berlandieri, Aestivalis, Linsecomii, 

 Bicolor, and Candicans (Pis. VI, VII, and VIII) are hard to root, 

 they should be rooted in the nursery and grafted there, or planted in 

 the vineyard and grafted afterwards. 



Riparia cuttings root easily and are excellent stocks well suited 

 for vineyard and bench grafting, but they are adapted to but few 

 California soils. Soils in which Riparia varieties thrive usually 

 produce large crops of only fair quality. 



Rupestris cuttings root and graft easily and are best adapted 

 to bench grafting. When so used the dormant eyes should be cut 

 out of the stock. Many varieties are not congenial to Rupestris, 

 and their fruit is usually somewhat later in ripening than when 

 grown on some other stock. 



In most instances Riparia, Berlandieri, Champini, and Aestivalis 

 stocks (PL "VI, VII, and VIII) are congenial to Vinifera varieties. 

 Their fruitfulness is increased and the time of ripening hastened in 

 comparison with the same varieties grown on other stocks. 



Some of the hybrid resistant-stock varieties are making enviable 

 records as stocks under California conditions. 



Where all the qualities desired can not be found in a hybrid, a 

 complex hybrid — that is, a hybrid of hybrids — may yield the desired 

 results. 



A grower of Vinifera grapes should decide before locating his 

 vineyard what varieties he desires to grow, and then choose soil and 

 other conditions suited to such varieties. He should know whether 

 stocks are to be established in the vineyard and grafted afterwards 

 or whether the plantings are to be of bench or nursery grafts. He 

 should then select the resistant varieties best suited to the purpose 

 and conditions and which at the same time are congenial to the 

 varieties he intends to grow. He should familiarize himself with 

 all the operations necessary in establishing a resistant vineyard. 



The amount of money practically thrown away in the reestablish- 

 ment of Vinifera vineyards in this country since the first appearance 

 of phylloxera in them can not be even approximately estimated. 



The direct causes of this waste of money have been due to lack 

 of information and the fact that there was no source from which 

 data could be obtained. This has resulted in the taking of chances 

 by the growers in planting nonresistants, or in using the wrong 

 resistants, or in using resistants which were not congenial to the 

 varieties they were growing. Other causes for this waste have 

 been the purchase of bench grafts on resistant stocks not true to 



