CONTROL OF GIPSY MOTH BY FOREST MANAGEM] 25 



Androscoggin and along the Saco River; x in New Hampshire on the 

 Saco watershed, especially around Silver Lake in Madison and near 

 Ossipee Lake; 2 in Massachusetts on Cape Cod. It is also found in 

 Connecticut, outside the white-pine region, on the sand plains of the 

 lower Connecticut Valley. 3 



WHITE PINE. 



White pine is adaptable to many sites, dry or moist, poor or good. 

 Its seedlings do not often survive if they germinate either in the 

 open or under a heavy shade. They do best under a light shade, 

 such as that of gray birch or aspen, and will persist there until the 

 older hardwood trees die or are passed by the pine. These qualities 

 and its very rapid growth make white pine a controlling tree when 

 its seedlings occupy the ground beneath gray birch or aspen, or 

 when older pines are mixed with other hardwoods of less or of 

 equal height. L T nlike the pitch pine, abundant seed crops of white 

 pine are produced only at irregular intervals of four to seven years. 

 This irregularity and the generally unsuccessful attempts to secure 

 natural reproduction make white-pine seed trees on or near the 

 lot of much less practical importance than would be supposed from 

 reading existing literature on the subject, though if such seed trees 

 are present, and the stand is cut in a white-pine seed year, a new 

 stand of white pine may occasionally be secured by natural seeding. 4 



BED MAPLE. 



Red maple is found throughout the white-pine region, often pure 

 in swamps or scattered there, or even on dry uplands. Reproduc- 

 tion is good, for this species produces abundant seed crops every 

 year which ripen in the spring, and when cut, the stumps sprout 

 vigorously. In the wettest swamps it grows more rapidly than any 

 other hardwood species and when found pure on such sites is a 

 controlling tree. Such stands should be managed to produce cord- 

 wood, by clear cutting, with sprout reproduction, on a rotation of 

 30 to 35 years. 



STXGAK MAPLE. 



In eastern Canada and in the northern hardwoods region of Xew 

 England sugar maple is an important species. In the white-pine 

 region only scattered individuals are found except in southern 

 Maine and southern New Hampshire. There the tree is more com- 

 mon in the woods, and some " sugar orchards " are found. Its seed 



1 Maine Forest Commissioners 1906 Report, page 9. 



2 N. H. Forestry Commission Report for 1903-4, pages 61, 68. « 

 8 Hawley & Hawes, Op. cit., p. 42. 



4 The susceptibility of white pine to the white-pine blister rust is another factor that 

 must be considered in this connection. See comment on page 40. 



64360°— Bull. 484—17 i 



