CONTEOL OF GIPSY MOTH BY FOREST MANAGEMENT. 27 



RED CEDAR. 



Red cedar is widely distributed in the eastern United States, but 

 only in the Southeast, on good soil, is it now found in the quality and 

 sizes Avhich give it its greatest value. In New England it ranges from 

 Augusta, Me., and from southern New Hampshire through Massa- 

 chusetts and Rhode Island into Connecticut. It is characteristic of 

 old fields and pastures, the stands varying from a few scattered trees 

 to dense pure stands, and it is also found in mixture with gray birch, 

 and with other trees. 



Within the white-pine region thousands of acres in the aggregate 

 are covered by this typical growth, which can not be cut .profitably 

 until the cedar is large enough for posts and the birch for cordwood. 

 On such sites, when found in sufficient numbers, and on rock covered 

 with not more than 6 inches of soil, where no other tree can grow, red 

 cedar is a controlling tree. 



When cut from such rocky sites it should be replaced by seeding or 

 by planting 4-year-old red-cedar stock, three times transplanted in 

 the nursery. 



On old fields and pastures thinning is not recommended, even in 

 dense stands, as the increased growth is so slow that thinning will 

 not pay. 



The general object of management should be to replace the cedar 

 with more rapidly growing species. When material is large enough 

 to sell, stands should be clear cut and planted. In the meantime open 

 stands of -cedar not ready for clear cutting should be filled by planting 

 white or red pine, and mixed stands handled as suggested for the 

 stand at Amesbury, Mass., described later. That stand is character- 

 istic old-field growth, with a small percentage of red cedar. 



WHITE CEDAR. 



This species, CJiamaecyptiris thyoidse (Linn. B.S.P.), must not be 

 confused with the other of the same common name, Thuja occidentalis 

 Linn., also found in New England and often called arborvitse. 

 Arborvitse is rarely seen south of Boston, and Chamseeyparis per- 

 haps as rarely north of that city. Although not unknown in southern 

 Maine and southern New Hampshire, it is not found in commercial 

 quantities in the white-pine region except in certain swamps within 

 20 miles of the coast in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut. 



It is found pure and also mixed with red maple. Many swamps in 

 which it formerly grew have been cleared and converted into cran- 

 berry bogs, and others not suitable for cranberries will probably 

 eventually be drained and used for other agricultural crops. 



