28 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BULLETIN NO. 484. 



I'litil this is done no attempt should be made to eliminate white 

 cedar from such sites for, in spite of its very slow growth, it is there, 

 on account of its adaptability to the site, a controlling tree. Its cones 

 mature at the end of the first season and persist through the winter. 

 White cedar readily starts from seed and should be managed by clear 

 cutting in small groups or in strips not wide enough to offer much 

 danger from w indfall. 



TYPICAL STANDS. 



Having- now considered the factors involved in any attempt to 

 control the gipsy moth by forest management, let us see how they 

 apply in typical stands. 



The stands previously mentioned will be discussed in the order 

 given on page 19, and readers should remember that anj^ general 

 statement or suggestion referring to a class is intended to apply to 

 that class as represented in the stand then under consideration and 

 may not be applicable to the species composing the class when found 

 in other stands, especially if they occur there in different proportions. 



STAND AT DOVER, MASSACHUSETTS. 



THE MANAGEMENT OF A TYPICAL MIXP:D OAK STAND WITH ABOUT FOUR-TENTHS 



WHITE OAK. 



The woodlot contained eight species on 1 acre, but since red. 

 white, and black oak together constituted 94 per cent of the whole, 

 it may be considered from the standpoint of management as a mixed 

 oak stand. It is on good soil, a light, brown, sandy loam, not as deep 

 as that of the Exeter plot, but moist and well drained. It is under- 

 lain by gray granite ledges which outcrop in a few places but occupy 

 1( ss than 1 per cent of the area. The surface is free from loose stones, 

 but there is one large granite boulder. The trees averaged 4.9 inches 

 in diameter breast high and, excepting the white pines, were about 30 

 years old. 



The infestation by the gipsy moth was first found near this lot in 

 L905, and in 1913 the egg clusters present on this area were estimated 

 at l.">,000 per acre, and defoliation was heavy. 



If the stand were not infested it could be handled as a sprout 

 forest 1 on a rotation of 70 to 80 years, with several thinnings. The 

 thinnings should yield enough cordwood to pay for them, and the 

 final product, cut 10 or 50 years from now, would be good oak timber. 



It has been the practice in eastern Massachusetts, in town, State, 

 and Federal work, and by some owners of heavily infested stands of 

 this character, to remove all dead trees and as much undergrowth as 



1 Simple coppice system. 



