PRINCIPAL APPLE VARIETIES. 17 



development of relatively large summer-apple interests. The prin- 

 cipal sorts are as follows: Baldwin, Ben Davis, Fall Pippin, Graven- 

 stein, Grimes, Jonathan, Maiden Blush, Oldenburg, Red Astrachan, 

 Rome Beauty, Smokehouse, Starr, Stayman Winesap, Wealthy, 

 Williams, Winesap, Yellow Transparent, and York Imperial. 



Perhaps no variety is in a larger number of orchards in New Jer- 

 sey than Smith Cider ; but it occurs only in those planted at a com- 

 paratively early period, having been dropped entirely in the more 

 recently planted orchards. It is the conviction of some that the 

 Mcintosh and Arkansas (or Paragon) 1 will increase in importance 

 as the younger orchards develop. Though not generally planted 

 in New Jersey, the English Codlin has proved quite profitable in 

 some of the early apple orchards in Monmouth County, while the 

 Baldwin is of value chiefly in the northern sections of the State. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 



Distribution. — In 1910, when the last census was taken, Pennsyl- 

 vania, on a State basis, ranked sixth in the combined number of 

 bearing and nonbearing apple trees, and the crop of 1909 fell only 

 slightly below that of New York, which ranked first in production. 

 The wide distribution throughout the State is indicated by the fact 

 that only six counties were reported to have less than 40,000 trees 

 each of bearing age. Yet the commercial interests, so far as inter- 

 state shipments are concerned, are relatively small, and the centers 

 of production correspondingly difficult to define. Probably the in- 

 terests in York, Adams, Franklin, and Bedford Counties, in the 

 south-central part, are more generally recognized in the commercial 

 apple industry than are those in most other parts of the State. 

 Luzerne County, in east-central Pennsylvania, also contains interests 

 of considerable extent. 



On account of the great number of large industrial towns in Penn- 

 sylvania the opportunities for growers of fruit and vegetables to 

 cater to local markets are exceptionally good, and no doubt this 

 accounts in a measure for the fact that so few definite centers of 

 commercial production have been developed. 



Varieties. — There are at least two fairly definite pomological re- 

 gions in Pennsylvania. Three such regions are sometimes recognized. 

 In general, the northern half of the State represents what is some- 

 times termed the Baldwin-Rhode Island Greening-Northern Spy 

 territory, and the southern half represents the Ben Davis-York Im- 

 perial-Winesap area. 



1 Arkansas and Paragon are so nearly alike that it is practically impossible to distin- 

 guish definitely the fruit of the one from the other. 



63664°— Bull. 485—17 3 



