32 



BULLETIN W 



S. DEPARTMENT OF A.GR1CULTUBE. 



it can readily be .seen that if for any reason these receipts should 

 drop 40 per cent there "would be little if any income left for interest 

 on investment and to pay for the farmer's labor. The raising of an 

 abundance of farm feed and of garden supplies is of exceedingly 

 great value in tiding these farmers over occasional years of low re- 

 turns, such as are inevitable under the present type of farming. 

 "Where a man has but one cash crop a failure is a serious matter, 

 since he is thus forced to carry all of his expenses for another year. 



The average receipts and expenses on these farms are some indica- 

 tion of the size of business they are doing. Both the white owners 

 and white owners additional have receipts averaging above $4,000 

 per farm, while the owners with part rented out have, on the average, 

 $6,400 receipts per farm. The average receipts on 378 farms operated 

 by owners in Chester County, Pa., were $2,312 per farm. 1 In the case 

 of the farms operated by white farmers about 62 per cent of the 

 receipts on the owner farms are required for expenses. The white 

 tenants show a lower expense when figured upon this basis, it being 

 52 per cent of the farm receipts. The colored operators show a lower 

 percentage of the receipts required for expenses, averaging about 

 58 per cent upon the owner and 51 per cent upon the tenant farms. 



The percentage cash expenses of the total receipts are naturally 

 lower upon the smaller farms, as the operator does the work of a 

 farm hand, while on the large plantations his time is entirely taken 

 up in supervising the work. On the tenant farms the value of the 

 work done by the operator was 16 per cent of the receipts, while with 

 the owners, where a larger business is done, it averaged 10 per cent 

 upon the white and 13 per cent upon the colored farms. This ac- 

 counts for the fact that the expenses of the Avhite tenants and of all 

 the colored operators as compared Avith receipts are relatively low. 



Table X. 



-Relation of tenure to percentage of receipts required for operating 

 expenses (Sumter County, Ua.). 





White operators. 



Colored operators. 





Owners. 



Owners 

 (addi- 

 tional). 



O™ 8 1 Tenants 

 out). | basis > J 



Owners. 



Owners 

 (addi- 

 tional). 



Owners 

 (part 



rented 

 out). 



Tenants 

 (farm 

 basis). 2 





160 

 $4,097 

 $2, 555 



62 



38 



S4.594 



s2, 7!)ei 



61 



70 49 

 86,400 SI. 953 

 S3, 963 $1,023 



62 52 



12 



$1,659 



$977 



59 



11 



SI, 646 



$955 



58 



8 

 $3, 107 

 SI, 812 



58 



186 



Average total receipts 



Average total expenses 



Average percentage of re- 

 ceipts required for operat- 

 ing expenses 



SI, 165 



$.589 



51 



1 U. S. Department of Agriculture Bulletin 341. 



2 Landlord and tenant receipts and expenses combined. 



t 



