PRODUCING MARKET MILK IN DELAWARE, 



13 



In the scale of costs for the first winter in Table 10, the location 

 for the bulk line on this basis is immediately following $3.88. It 

 will be noted that 84.7 per cent of the milk was produced at $3.88, 

 or less, per 100 pounds. 



The schedule of costs for the second winter shows a sharp increase 

 in price after 84.1 per cent of the volume of milk was produced. 

 Thus at $4.96 only 6.7 per cent more milk was produced but at an 

 increased cost of 95 cents per 100 pounds. A similar sharp increase 

 also exists at $5.88, the increase in volume of milk at this cost being 

 only 3.4 per cent and the increase in cost amounting to 92 cents. 



These results emphasize two equally important facts : First, that 

 the income from milk in winter failed by a large margin to equal 

 the cost of production for the bulk-line supply; and, second, that 

 there was a wide range in costs between the more efficient dairymen 

 and the higher cost producers. Where a winter supply of milk is 

 needed, the price must be high enough to stimulate increased produc- 

 tion to the necessary demand. 



In the dairy business, as in other industries, the net income de- 

 pends upon net profit made from milk sold and upon the volume of 

 milk sold. 



MONTHLY DISTRIBUTION OF FACTORS IN MILK PRODUCTION. 



How did" the quantity of milk produced in summer compare with 

 that in winter ? Did the monthly income received for milk sold fluc- 

 tuate fairly uniformly with the quantity sold? Did the dairymen 

 receive the higher income during those months when it cost the most 

 to produce milk? Table 11 gives information on these queries. 

 Yearly figures were used as the basis for computing percentages- 



Table 11. — Distribution by months of milk prices, milk sold and used, feed cost, 



and labor required. 





Income 

 per 100 

 pounds 

 of milk. 



Income 

 from 

 milk 

 sold 

 and 

 used. 



Milk 

 sold 

 and 

 used. 



Feed, 

 pasture, 



and 

 bedding 



cost. 



Pasture 



and 

 bedding 



cost 

 minus 

 manure 



and 

 bedding 

 credits. 



Human labor. 



Horse labor. 



Month and season. 



Per 100 

 pounds 

 of milk. 



Per cow. 



Per 100 



pounds Per cow. 



of milk. 



1919-20. 

 May 



$3.23 

 3.03 

 3.07 

 3.45 

 3.73 

 3.98 



Percent. 

 10.3 

 9.0 

 6.4 

 6.5 

 7.2 

 7.1 



Per ce-ni. 

 10.9 

 10.1 

 7.1 

 6.4 

 6.5 

 6.1 



Per cent. 

 5.3 

 4.5 

 4.6 

 4.7 

 5.6 

 6.1 



Per cent. 

 4.9 

 4.1 

 4.2 

 4.3 

 5.6 

 5.7 



Hours. 

 2.1 

 2.4 

 3.1 

 3.2 

 3.1 

 3.1 



Hours. 

 12.5 

 13.4 

 12.5 

 11.6 

 10.9 

 10.3 



Hours. 

 0.3 



.4 

 .5 

 .7 

 .6 

 .4 



Hours. 

 2 





2.2 



July 



2 2 



August 



2.5 



Sp.pteTnher 



2.0 



October 



1.2 







STinrmer 



3.36 



46.5 



47.1 



30.8 



28.4 



2.7 



11.8 



.5 



2.0 





3.62 

 3.54 

 3.46 

 3.36 

 3.33 

 3.36 



7.4 

 8.5 

 9.5 

 9.3 

 9.8 

 9.0 



6.9 



8.1 

 9.4 

 9.4 

 10.0 

 9.1 



7.8 

 11.9 

 12.9 

 11.9 

 12.5 

 12.2 



6.0 

 10.1 

 11.1 

 10.1 

 10.7 

 10.4 



2.7 

 2.8 

 2.7 

 2.5 

 2.6 

 2.5 



10.0 

 12.4 

 14.1 

 13.2 

 14.5 

 12.4 



.3 

 .6 

 .5 

 .4 

 .6 

 .4 



1 1 



December 



2 4 





2.6 



February. . 



2 4 



March 



3.4 



April 



1 9 







Winter 



3.43 



53.5 



52.9 



69.2 



58.4 



2.6 



12.8 



.5 



2.3 



Year 



3.40 



100.0 



100.0 



100.0 



86.8 



2.7 



12.3 



-5 



2.2 



