PRODUCING MARKET MILK IN DELAWARE, 



A ton of average manure saved on the farms studied, according to 

 the methods used for determining it, was estimated to contain the 

 following fertilizing constituents: 



Pounds. 



Nitrogen 10. 3 



Phosphoric acid 3. 8 



Potash 8. 4 



When the nitrogen in commercial fertilizers was worth 18 cents, 

 phosphoric acid 5 cents, and potash 6 cents per pound, the fertilizing 

 value of these ingredients in a ton of manure would have been $2.55. 



REQUIREMENTS FOR KEEPING A BULL. 



On most of the farms the bulls were fed a comparatively small 

 quantity of grain. In summer they were generally allowed to run on 

 pasture with the cows. 



The large proportion of noncommercial roughage used, which con- 

 sisted chiefly of corn fodder and stover, shows that the herd sires 

 were fed as cheaply as possible. The yearly cost of keeping the bull 

 was not low, however, due to the size of each of the items under 

 " Other costs." 



Table 5. — Requirements for keeping a bull by seasons, based on averages 

 obtained from the eqidnaleut of 31 bulls. 



Item. 



Winter. 



Summer. 



Entire 

 year. 



Feed: 



Purchased concentrates 



Home-grown grain 



pounds.. 



do 



do.... 



do.... 



do.... 



do..-. 



do.... 



do.,.. 



do.- 



408 

 210 



289 

 72 



697 



282 



Total concentrates 



618 



361 



979 



Noncommercial roughage 



Commercial carbohydrate hay 



Commercial legume hay 



2,712 

 474 

 172 



123 

 554 

 181 



2,835 



1,028 



353 



Total dry roughage 



3,358 



858 



4,216 



Succulent roughage 



TJp.dfling.. 



720 



20 



$1.08 



12.1 



137 



16 



$10. 02 



9.1 



857 

 36 



Pasture 



$11.10 



Human labor 



Other costs: 



Tnsiirannfi and intfirp.<?t nn bull invpstrnfint 



hours.. 



21.2 



■ $11.31 

 6.99 

 15.71 



$11. 46 

 7.07 

 15.92 



$22. 77 



Bull's sharp, of hnilfllTip-s . . 



14.06 



Depreciation . . 



31.63 









Total other costs 



34.01 



34.45 

 2.43 



68.46 



Crp.rlit for niitsidp. bull sprvicp 



2.43 











Total other costs less outside bull service 



34.01 



32.02 



66.03 







FACTORS INVOLVED IN THE PRODUCTION OF MILK. 



FEED. 



Concentrates, in the meaning of this study, are grains and their by- 

 products prepared for feeding. 



Home-grown grains are concentrates grown on the farm or in the 

 locality where fed. 



