GROWING SUGAR BEETS IN CALIFORNIA. 13 
number of times plowed for all sections was 1.1. Replowing was 
necessary mainly because weeds had not been kept in control during 
the winter. 
Ninety-one per cent of the men in the Los Angeles and Oxnard 
districts and 86 per cent in the Salinas district used horsepower. 
(See Table VIII.) In the Los Angeles area a 1-man-4-horse crew 
was reported on 15 farms and a 1-man-6-horse crew on 28 farms. In 
the Oxnard area a larger crew size predominated, a 1-man-8-horse 
erew being reported on 20 farms and a 1-man-10-horse crew on 10 
farms. In the Salinas area a 1-man-6-horse crew was reported on 
15 farms and the 1-man-8-horse crew on 15 farms. 
TABLE VIII—Plowing with horses. 
K Hours of labor 
Number | Per cent | .o-Gacm per acre. Labor 
District. of oftotal | P& cost per 
records. | records. acre. 
for beets. Man. Horse. 
TUES PTET (SSE Be a es ee 74 91 80. 24 4. 66 24. 83 $3. 41 
(DIES CHYG [hi 32 Si ee Oe ea a eee 41 91 45. 80 3.95 26. 72 3. 50 
SUDTER L355 5 SS One OSS SEE Sette esas ae aes 35 86 79. 51 aie 18} 21.72 2.83 
For all districts considered together 11 per cent used a 1-man-4- 
horse crew, 31 per cent a 1-man-6-horse crew, 27 per cent a 1-man- 
8-horse crew, and 7 per cent a 1-man-10-horse crew. In addition to 
the above a few other crew sizes appeared in the three districts, such 
as the 1-man-3-horse, 1-man-5-horse, 1-man-7-horse, and 1-man-9- 
horse crews. 
The average depth of plowing ranged from 10.75 inches for the 
1-man-4-horse crew, to 12.8 inches for the 1-man-10-horse crew. 
The labor requirements varied from an average of 5.2 man hours 
and 20.8 horse hours per acre for the 1-man-4-horse crew, to 2.8 man 
hours and 28 horse hours per acre for the 1-man-10-horse crew. From 
the above it will be-seen that there was a distinct saving in the man 
labor requirements through the use of the larger crew. However, 
the additional horse-labor requirements for the larger crew made the 
total labor cost 23 cents more for the 1-man-10-horse, than for the 
1-man-4-horse crew. 
In the Los Angeles district 14- to 16-inch sulky plows were most in 
evidence, 56 of this size being reported. In the Oxnard and Salinas 
districts, however, the 2-gang, 24- to 28-inch plow. was the popular 
size, 28 being reported in the former and 27 in the latter area. (See 
fig. 5.) 
For all districts 11 men were found who had all or a portion of 
their beet acreage plowed on contract with tractor power, at a rate 
ranging from $3 to $4 per acre. Twelve men plowed the beet acre- 
