LESSONS ON DAIRYING FOR RURAL SCHOOLS. 13 
service unless records were made. Discuss how and when to make rec- 
ords. Suggest simple forms for the pupils to make. In what form 
is the milk of the district sold? Are any provisions made for co- 
operative marketing? What special provisions have been made for 
selling butter? Is the milk sold locally or shipped to other markets ? 
If shipped, to what markets does it go? 
What are the regulations in your district concerning the handling 
of milk? What devices and sanitary conveniences have the dairy 
farms for the handling and marketing of milk? 
What is the amount and value (estimated) of the milk sold in the 
district? Of the cream? Other dairy products? Make a com- 
parison between the amount of milk produced and the amount mar- 
keted. 
Practical exercises.—Require the students to rule their own forms 
and to keep records of both weights of milk and percentage of butter 
fat, making separate records for each cow in the herd. This may 
be extended over a period of time making a good home project. In 
addition to the milk and butter fat record a feed record may also be 
kept. 
Problems.—A farmer has two cows, each producing 6,000 pounds 
of milk yearly. The first cow’s milk yields 3.2 per cent butter fat, 
and the second, 5.8 per cent. What is the difference in fat produced 
by the two cows? Suppose the fat is worth 374 cents per pound. 
What is the money value of the butter fat yielded by each cow? 
The same farmer has two other cows. The first gives 8,000 pounds 
of milk testing 3.2 per cent butter fat; the second gives 5,000 pounds 
of milk testing 5.6 per cent butter fat. Which is the more valuable 
cow? Construct other problems, using local records. 
Home project.—The home project of type A may be assigned to the 
pupil beginning with the production of clean milk, and ending with 
the marketing of the same, keeping all records and summarizing at 
the close of the project period, which may cover several weeks, 
showing the total cost of production, gross returns, and net profit or 
loss. 
LESSON VI. PROFIT AND LOSS—GOOD AND POOR COWS. 
Sources of information.—Farmers’ Bulletins 578, 589, 743, 893, 
and 993. 
Topics for study.—The final results of testing and weighing the 
milk production of a dairy cow will be to determine whether she is 
not only paying her way but also returning to her owner a fair margin 
of profit. These facts may be definitely discovered by comparing 
milk records with feeding records and other costs, and striking a 
balance to determine losses or gains. 
