28 BULLETIN 1764, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
TaBLE 10.—Average condition of the corn as loaded compared with the average condition as 
discharged. 
Tempera- | Moisture +a: Germina- | Sound ker- | Weight per 
ure. content. Acidity tion. nels. peahel: 
Kind ofcornand hold. | gd | 4 ;-/ 5d |%./| cd | 3d L2 | BS fae] od hs 
SB Pos | 8 [Orel 12S | Pas ere) cree cera 
3 D1] 8 mo | 3 | ob |] gs | Oh] bo 3 0 
cS; a| © a lS a) a| & a Ss a 
Natural corn: OM, | OIA |W eBGal| 2364 || OO |! OE ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| P.ct.| Lbs. | Lbs 
ETOCS = Ree ose 53.0 | 73.6 | 18.6 | 18.3 | 18.7 | 25 67.2 | 44.4 | 95.3 | 80.8 95 | 51. 16 
Bee ie eae biomes: 56.3 |113.5 |.18.6 | 18.9 | 19.4 | 35.1 | 62.2 | 18.1 | 95.1 | 23.4 | 53. 56 } 49. 52 
(esa ae eS ae 55.6 | 95.8 | 18.9 | 18.1 | 20.0 | 29.8 | 66.9 | 25.8 | 94.6 | 54.1 | 53.50 | 49.93 
Daa oe sce 53.8 | 88.3 | 18.7 | 18.2 | 20.4 | 26.3 | 66.8 | 29.9 | 94.0 | 72.9 | 53.35 | 50. 60 
Total naturaleorn .......- 54.8 | 94.1 | 18.8 | 18.3 | 19.8 | 29.4 | 66.3 | 28.4 | 94.7 | 66.8 | 53.39 | 50. 20 
Dried corn: ; 
VOLS Sees ee ee 69.6 |106.8 | 15.5 | 15.1 | 21.9 | 31.6 | 48.2 | 13.2 | 93.5 | 49.6 | 54.42 | 51.86 
Samples Nos. 43 and 46 in hold 1, 52 in hold 2, 61 in hold 3, and 64 in hold 4, were not included in the 
average as discharged. 
The temperature of the corn as loaded varied from 51° F. in the 
natural corn to 74° F. in the dried corn, the averages for the two lots 
in even numbers being 55° and 70° F. At the time of discharge, 
the maximum temperatures of the corn in the various holds were as 
follows: Hold 1, 110° F.; hold 2, 148° F.; hold 3, 155° F.; hold 4, 
135° F.; and hold 5, 140° F. During the time that the corn was in 
the vessel a large proportion of both the natural and the dried corn 
became hot, discolored, moldy, and badly damaged. 
When the temperature of corn at 51° and 74° F. is raised through 
inherent causes, deterioration becomes apparent at about 90 to 100° 
F. and increases very rapidly thereafter if the temperature con- 
tinues to rise. The temperature records show that the corn reached 
100° F. in the different holds as follows: hold 1 in 35 days, hold 2 
in 14 days, hold 3 in 19 days, hold 4 in 22 days, and hold 5 in 24 days. 
This is interesting in connection with the average time that the corn 
remained in the vessel, which, as already stated, was 39 days for 
the Aalborg lot and 47 days for the Copenhagen lot. 
The wide difference in the rate at which the temperature of the 
corn changed depended on its position of stowage with reference to 
height from the bottom of the holds. Where the corn was stowed 
free from the ship’s machinery, it changed the most and became 
badly damaged in the upper part of the holds. As is shown by the 
accompanying diagrams, the temperature and degree of deteriora- 
tion of the corn at the end of the voyage gradually decreased from 
the surface toward the bottom where the corn in all holds, excepting 
that in hold 3 and along the shaft tunnel in holds 4 and 5, was in a 
sound condition. 
The air and water temperatures during the loading period averaged 
close to 50° F. and were generally somewhat higher than the tem- 
perature of the corn for the first six days of the ocean voyage. The 
air temperature was above 70° F. for the first four days and the 
