GENERA OF GRASSES OF THE UNITED STATES. 123 
Calamagrostis scabra Presl, closely allied to the above, but with 
somewhat larger spikelets, is abundant along the coast from Oregon 
to Alaska. This has been incorrectly referred to C. langsdorjii 
(Trin.) Link, of Siberia. In general, the species of Calamagrostis 
are important forage grasses. Pine-grass (C. rubescens Buckl.) is 
common in the mountains of Oregon and Washington, where it forms 
an important part of the forage. 
For a revision of the species of Calamagrostis found in the United 
States, sée Kearney, U.S. Dept. Agr., Div. Agrost. Bull. 11. 1898. 
54. AmmMopuHiLa Host. 
Spikelets 1-flowered, compressed, the rachilla disarticulating above 
the glumes, produced beyond the palea as a short bristle, hairy above; 
glumes about equal, chartaceous; lemma similar to and a little shorter 
than the glumes, the callus bearing a tuft of short hairs; palea nearly 
as long as the lemma. 
A tough, rather coarse, erect perennial, with hard, scaly, creeping 
rhizomes, long, tough, involute blades, and a pale, dense, spikelike 
panicle. One species is found on the sandy seacoast of Europe and 
northern North America as far south as North Carolina and on the 
shores of the Great Lakes, a second species around the Baltic. 
Type species: Arundo arenaria LU. 
Ammophila Host, Gram. Austr. 4: 24, pl. 41. 1809. Only one species de- 
seribed, A. arundinacea Host, based on Arundo arenaria L. 
Psamma Beauv., Ess. Agrost. 143, pl. 6, f. 1. 1812. The one species, P. 
littoralis, is Ammophila arenaria. 
Ammophila arenaria (.) Link (fig. 65) is an important sand- 
binding grass in Europe, being used there to hold the barrier 
dunes along the coast. In this country it has been tried with success 
on Cape Cod and at Golden Gate Park, San Francisco. It is called 
beach-grass and less frequently marram grass and sea marram. 
55. CALAMOVILFA Hack. 
Spikelets 1-flowered, the rachilla disarticulating above the glumes, 
not prolonged behind the palea; glumes unequal, acute, chartaceous; 
lemma a little longer than the second glume, chartaceous, awnless, 
glabrous or pubescent, the callus bearded; palea about as long as the 
lemma. 
Perennial, rigid, usually tall grasses, with narrow or open panicles, 
some species with creeping rhizomes. Species four, confined to the 
United States and southern Canada. 
Type species: Calamagrostis brevipilis Gray. 
Calamovilfa Hack., True Grasses 113. 1890. The True Grasses is a transla- 
tion by Seribner and Southworth of the article on grasses in Engler and Prantl’s 
Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Scribner has added bracketed notes. In a para- 
1 For a full discussion, see Hitchcock, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 57; Westgate, 
U. 8. Dept. Agr., Bur. Pl. Ind. Bull. 65. 1904, 
