UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



BULLETIN No. 734 § 



Joint Contribution from the Bureau of Markets, CHARLES 

 BRAND, Chief, and the Bureau of Plant Industry, 



^fr'^U WM. A. TAYLOR, Chief. jW^tfl. 



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Washington, D. C. ▼ November 13, 1918 



NEMATODE GALLS AS A FACTOR IN THE MARKET- 

 ING AND MILLING OF WHEAT. 



By D. A. Coleman, Scientific Assistant in Grain Standardisation and S.A.Regan, 



Grain Supervisor. 



CONTENTS. 



Page. 

 Introduction 1 



Previous occurrence of the disease 2 



Present distribution 2 



Description of the galls and diseased plants. . 4 



A factor influencing market grade and mill- 

 ing quality 8 



Methods of control and distribution 13 



Summary 16 



INTRODUCTION. 



Wheat, as grown and harvested, contains numerous impurities, 

 and much of it on reaching the merchant or miller contains for- 

 eign materials. As the buyer can not be expected to pay wheat 

 prices for such material, a dockage or deduction is made commen- 

 surate with the amount and kind of foreign material present. Some 

 of the impurities are readily removed from wheat, whereas others, 

 which can be removed only with difficulty, such as cockle, wild peas, 

 vetch, onions, rye, and ragweed seed, remain in the wheat and become 

 serious factors in milling and baking operations. At many local 

 points only one penalty is placed on the load of wheat, the dockage 

 embodying all the factors likely to influence the future sale and 

 milling of the wheat. 



When wheat is to be purchased on grades as established by the 

 Secretary of Agriculture under the United States Grain Standards 

 Act, 1 this dockage determination is first made by an appropriate set 

 of sieves in order to determine the quantity of wheat present. A 

 grade is then given the sample on this dockage-free basis, taking into 

 consideration such factors as moisture, weight per bushel, damaged 

 kernels, foreign material other than dockage, as well as presence of 



1 U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Service and Regulatory Announcement (Markets), No. 33: 

 Official grain standards of the United States for wheat, and official grain standards of 

 the United States for shelled corn. 1918. 



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