20 



BULLETIN 738, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Table 10. — Deaths during summer, from all causes, on grazed and ungrazed plots. 



(All years and allotments.) 





Western 

 yellow pine. 



Douglas fir. 



Lodgepole 

 pine. 



White fir. 



All. 



Height class. 



grazed Grazed - 



Not 

 grazed. 



Grazed. 



Not 

 grazed. 



Grazed. 



Not 

 grazed. 



Grazed. 



Not 

 grazed. 



Grazed. 





Deaths in per cent of the numbers of seedlings on the plots. 



Under 1 year 



36.5 



19.0 



12.5 



4.9 



1.1 



.3 



.4 



59.2 



25.2 



17. S 



6.1 



. 7 



.6 



.2 



.7 



35.2 



23.6 



11.8 



2.1 



.3 



50.0 



29.9 



17.8 



3.9 



.4 



.1 



24.2 

 17.1 



7.9 

 2.8 



34.7 



21.1 



25.2 



5.6 



.5 



27.3 

 43.7 

 40.0 



36.1 



44.8 



25.0 



1.0 



31.3 



19.8 



11.8 



2.9 



.6 



.2 



.2 



53.4 

 24.9 





19.0 



3 years old to 6 inches high 



4.8 

 .6 



U to 24 feet 







.3 



2£ to 34 feet 











.1 



3J to 44 feet 















.2 



44 to 5* feet 











































Taking the combined areas as a whole, more than three times as 

 many seedlings were killed by other causes as were killed by sheep 

 grazing, and five times as many were injured. The injury to leaders 

 and side branches of Douglas fir and lowland white fir was princi- 

 pally due to late frosts, which in 1913 and 1914 killed back much of 

 the new growth on these species. This injury was less serious on the 

 Deadwood than on the other areas, probably because growth com- 

 mences several weeks later at the higher altitudes. The pines, espe- 

 cially western yellow pine, are attacked by a tip moth whose larva 

 develops in the leader and finally cuts it off. Other injuries were 

 due to rodents (rabbits and porcupines especially), birds (particularly 

 grouse), and fungous diseases of needles and bark. 



Table 11. — Deaths and injuries on all plots, due to causes other than sheep grazing. 





Deadwood. 



Silver Creek. 



Year and species. 



3 



a> 



2 2 



Eh 



O 



3 





hi 



03 — 



■d 



3 



0> 



a; 



4 



a a 

 2 2 



CG.Q 



a> 



03 



2 



1912: 



Western yellow pine 



1 



l 



58 

 20 

 11 



4 

 2 



1 



2 

 1 



19 

 57 

 13 







18 

 3 



1 



525 



Douglas fir 







19 













White fir 















1 

























All 



1 



1 



89 



6 



4 



89 







21 



1 



545 











1913: 



Western yellow pine 



1 



2 



76 

 61 

 19 



6 





709 

 2 7 3 

 593 







65 

 20 



2 



1,222 



Douglas fir 







244 



Lodgepole pine 







1 











White fir 











2 







11 























All 



1 



2 



156 



7 





1,575 







87 



2 



IS 477 









1914: 



Western yellow pine 



3 



2 



26 



1 



55 



262 



15 







518 

 220 

 620 



1 



4 

 46 



23 

 468 



2 



487 



Douglas fir 







269 



Lodgepole pine 









White fir 









21 



116 





19 





















All 



3 



29 



332 







1,358 



1 



71 



607 



2 



775 











All years total 



5 



32 



577 



13 



4 



3,022 



1 



71 



715 



5 



2,797 





