EFFECT OF GRAZING ON WESTERN" YELLOW PINE. 

 Table 11. — Deaths andinjuries on all plots, due to causes other thansheep grazing- 



21 

 -Con. 





South Fork. 



All areas. 



Year and species. 



Cu 



CD 



CD 



d 

 CD rt 

 03.3 



3 

 -a 



c3 



CD 



1-3 



CS 



ffl 



«H ft 



•6 



CD 



3 

 M 



1 



CD 

 CD 



& 



■d 



o 



CD 



C3 

 CD 

 Hi 



M 



03 

 W 



cs-s 

 - P< 

 Eh 



-d 



CD 



g 



1912: 



Western yellow 















1 



1 



76 

 23 

 11 



5 

 2 



1 



2 



, 1 



544 



Douglas fir 















76 



Lodgepole pine 

















13 



White fir 

















1 

























All 







. 







1 



1 



110 



7 



4 



634 

























1913: 



Western yellow 

 pine 















1 



2 



141 

 81 

 19 



2 



8 





1,931 



Douglas fir 













517 



Lodgepole pine 























593 



White fir 























11 



























All 















1 



2 



243 



8 





3,052 



















1914: 



Western yellow 



2 



1 



19 



43 

 218 



5 



2 



142 

 62 



6 



'7 

 91 



1 

 21 



121 



948 



15 



116 



7 



2 



1,147 



Douglas fir 



551 



Lodgepole pine 













620 



White fir 





















19 

























All 



2 



20 



261 



5 



2 



204 



6 



120 



1,200 



7 



2 



2,337 









2 



20 



261 



5 



2 



204 



8 



123 



1,553 



23 



6 



6,023 





Table 12. — Comparative damage from sheep grazing and from other causes. 

 (All allotments and years.) 



Species and cause of injury. 



Nature of injury. 



Needles. 



Side 

 branch. 



Leader. 



Bark. 



Tram- 

 pled. 



All not 

 killed. 



Killed. 



Western yellow pine: 



Sheep 



Other 



Douglas fir: 



Sheep 



Other 



Lodgepole pine: 



Sheep 



Other 



White fir: 



Sheep 



Other 



All species: 



Sheep 



Other 



12 



116 



338 



21 

 1,052 



244 

 378 



52 

 1,146 



20 

 123 



145 

 1,553 



327 

 1,713 



1,234 

 3,622 



275 

 1,144 



256 

 1,226 



17 

 31 



1,782 

 6,023 



Table 14 shows the causes of death in 1913 and 1914, as far as 

 could be ascertained with a fair degree of certainty. Of the several 

 hundred deaths whose cause could not be determined, most were 

 probably due to drought or a combination of drought and excessive 

 heating of the surface soil. This is the most serious obstacle to suc- 

 cessful reproduction in the western yellow pine type. "Winter- 

 killed" in the first column of the table really embraces a number of 

 causes, including drought, frost, fmigus, and others. 



