ECONOMICAL USE OF FUEL IN CREAMERIES. 7 



LOCATION OF SETTING. 



In placing the boiler it is very important to leave ample space 

 between the sides ahd ends of the setting and the walls of the room 

 in order that expansion, contraction, or the possible settling of the 

 'foundations may not affect the building, and' to allow room for 

 inspection, painting, and repairs. In order to- avoid long lengths 

 of pipe the boiler should be placed as near the engine as possible, 

 but it is not advisable to have both in the same room, as the dust 

 from the coal and ashes will get into and injure the engine bearings. 



FOUNDATIONS. 



The foundation of a boiler setting should receive careful consider- 

 ation, for upon it depends to a great extent the structural strength 

 of the setting. Should the foundation settle it is very probable that 

 the setting will crack. On* account of the great variation in the 

 character of the soil it is not practicable to set a standard of propor- 

 tions for foundations: consequently in planning the foundation it 

 becomes to a great extent a matter of judgment as to its depth and 

 area. It is far better, however, to be on the safe side and have it 

 too strong than too weak. 



In determining the proportions for foundations the weight or 

 load to be sustained and the bearing value of the soil are the prin- 

 cipal factors to be considered. The weight of the boiler can be 

 obtained from the manufacturer, and the weight of water that the 

 boiler will contain in normal working condition is about two-thirds 

 of the weight of the boiler. By doubling the shipping weight of the 

 boiler a safe approximation of its weight under working conditions 

 will be obtained. 



The weight of the masonry will average about 145 pounds per 

 cubic foot, which should be added to the weight of the boiler and 

 contained water to get the total weight per square foot of surface to 

 be sustained by the soil. 



The foundation should be so proportioned as. to distribute the 

 weight over a surface so great that the bearing values will not exceed 

 a safe load for the particular soil in question, and to provide a 

 suitable table to take the load. The foundation may be of concrete, 

 brick, or stone. When of concrete the mixture should be in the 

 proportion of 1 part Portland cement to 3 parts clean, sharp sand 

 and 5 parts broken stone or clean, coarse gravel, all to be thoroughly 

 mixed and well tamped into place. When of brick, only the best 

 hard brick should be used, laid in Portland-cement mortar with the 

 joints entirely filled. The bottom course should be laid in a bed of 

 cement mortar. 



