UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



BULLETIN No. 747 



Contribution from the Bureau of Animal Industry 

 JOHN R. MOHLER, Chief 



Washington, D. C. 



January 9, 1919 



THE ECONOMICAL USE OF FUEL IN 

 MILK PLANTS AND CREAMERIES 



By 

 JOHN T. BOWEN, Technologist, Dairy Division 



CONTENTS 



Importance of Reducing Waste .... 1 

 Comparison of Fuel Consumption in 



Different Creameries 2 



Construction of Boiler Settings .... 6 



Construction of Furnaces 10 



Hand Firing of Boiler Furnaces .... 18 



Air Leaks 23 



Page 



Belt-driven Pomps 26 



Steam Leaks 27 



Heat Losses from Bare Pipe ..... 27 



Selection of Power ." . 28 



Utilizing the Exhaust Steam 31 



Distribution of Heat Energy from Com- 

 bustion of Coal 42 



WASHINGTON 



GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 



1919 



