52 BULLETIIsr 801, U. S. DEPARTMENT OE AGRICULTURE. 



inches, provided it is suitably tied or braced against wind and 

 guarded from the piling of cotton bales against it. These precau- 

 tions are absolutely essential. Disregard of them with consequent 

 failure from wind is shown in Plate XXVII. Here the light thin 

 tile wall was completely demolished by wind. It should be noted 

 that the wall fell outward — a very common result of the "sucking " 

 action of wind on the unexposed side of a building. It is stated on 

 good authority that the storm which destroyed this wall was not 

 extraordinarily severe. Clay tile may be used satisfactorily, how- 

 ever, for thin walls, provided the wall is sufficiently braced by 

 pilasters or other device. The wall should be built independently 

 and outside of framing supporting the roof. This reduces the ex- 

 tent of jDOSsible wind damage, permits ready breaking through in 

 case of fire and lends itself to economy and efficiency in original 

 construction. Such a wall is economical in upkeep and affords far 

 less spark and exterior fire hazard than the wood end. This type 

 of wall may be termed a paneled tile curtain walL^ 



Doors and windows for either the wood or tile wall should be 

 provided in the manner described for masonry walls for slow-burn- 

 ing construction, except that there is never any occasion for doors 

 to be tin covered. It is best that windows be glazed with ware glass 

 in order to reduce breakage. There is no objection to omitting win- 

 dows entirely so far as dealing with fire is concerned, as either type 

 of wall can be broken through readily. Steel sash are economical 

 when upkeep is considered, even when used in a frame wall, but wood 

 sash may be used' if desired. 



DIVISION FIRE WALLS. 



Division fire walls in their relation to the frame exterior wall 

 are shown by Plate XXVI. The T wall construction is shown by 



^ Paneled tile curtain walls should not exceed 15 feet in height. For heights 

 less than 10 feet, 6-inch tile is suitable, while for heights of 10 feet or more 

 8-inch tile should be used. Pilasters should be constructed at intervals of 10 

 feet or less on centers and should be at least 1 foot wide. The pilasters should 

 be coincident on each side of the wall and should have a total thickness of at 

 least one-eighth the height of the wall. Tile blocks should be laid with joints 

 well broken and tiles forming the pilaster should be bonded with those forming 

 panels. The pilaster construction requires that these blocks be laid on end. 

 Good bonding is secured by laying nietal wall ties, metal lath, or even strips. 

 on 1-inch mesh poultry wire in the horizontal joints. This last method is fairly 

 satisfactory and involves extremely little cost. Door openings should be laid 

 up with brick reveals forming pilasters of the usual dimensions. The lintel 

 may be constructed very economically by inserting a steel rod in a row of 

 blocks filled with concrete. The blocks ai'e stood on end in the number re- 

 quired for the lintel, the steel and concrete is inserted, and the lintel is left 

 in this position until the concrete has set sufficiently for use. 



