JOINTWOiRIVT FLTES. 



about three weeks or a month from date of oviposition. They molt at 

 least three times and possibly four. The larvse (PL II, A) are 

 yellow, footless grubs, 

 three-sixteenths of an 

 inch long at maturity. 

 They remain in the lar- 

 val stage until late fall 

 or early winter, when 

 the majority usually 

 change to pupae (PI. II, 

 B), the remainder pupa- 

 ting very early in the 

 spring. 



Males normally occur, 

 although in confinement 

 this species will breed 

 parthenogenetically, in 

 which case the progeny 

 are all males. 



THE WHEAT STRAW-WORM.i 



II anno lit a g ran d i s 

 ranks next to the wheat 

 jointworm in import- 

 ance as an enemy of 

 wheat. Were it not for 

 the ease with which it 

 can be controlled i t 

 probably would be more 

 destructive, and might 

 even command greater 

 prominence than the 

 Hessian fly, due to the 

 fact that there are two 

 generations a year. At 



any rate, it is at present Fig. 2. — Eggs of species of HarmoUta : a, H. tritici, 



.I I • ,j. J. J! after oviposition ; i, H. tritici, before oviposition ; 



tne most important 01 ^^ ^ elymivora, before oviposition; d, H. hordei. 



the jointworm group after oviposition; c, H. Jiordei, before oviposition; 



^ j: XI Mie«i««nr.r>i ^' ^- 9randis, form minuta; g, H. agropyropMla, 



west 01 tne iVllSSlSSippi ^jj greatly enlarged. (Original.) 



Eiver, where it often 



causes widespread injury. H. grandis is probably the most widely 

 distributed species in the United States, occurring usually in greater 

 or less numbers wherever wheat is grown. Though occurring in 



1 TlarmoUta grandis Riley. 



