16 



BULLETIN 280, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Balaninus sp 



Sphenophorus parvultis. 



Sphenophorus sp 



Scolytus muticus 



LEPIDOFTERA. 



Edema albifrons. 



TRICHOPTEKA. 



Phryganea californica. 



IIEMIPTEKA. 



Myodocha serripes 

 Sinea diadema 



This list of insects contains a considerable number of injurious 

 species and some that at various times and places have become de- 

 cided pests. Such are the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa de- 

 cemlineata) , the spotted squash beetle (Diabrotica soror), the clover- 

 leaf weevil {Phytonomus punctatus), and the various species of 

 Lachnosterna, the parent of the destructive white grubs. Many 

 others are plant feeders and may increase to such an extent as to 

 inflict great damage upon agriculture. 



Vegetable food. — The vegetable food of the olive-backed thrush 

 consists of small fruit. The bird has a weak bill and can not break 

 through the tough skin of the larger kinds. In the cherry orchards 

 of California the writer many times observed the western subspecies 

 of this bird, the russet-back, on the ground pecking at cherries that 

 had been bitten open and dropped by linnets and grosbeaks. Black- 

 berries and raspberries have a very delicate skin and are successfully 

 managed by weak-billed birds, so that all the records of domestic 

 fruit eaten by the eastern form relate to these berries, and it is 

 probable that in most cases the fruit was not cultivated. The total 

 of cultivated fruit for the season is 12.63 per cent of the whole 

 food, but if we consider the eastern subspecies alone this item would 

 practically disappear. Wild fruit (19.73 per cent) is eaten regularly 

 and in a goodly quantity in every month after April. Weed seeds 

 and a few miscellaneous items of vegetable food (4.01 per cent) 

 close the account. 



Following is a list of vegetable foods so far as identified and the 

 number of stomachs in which found : 



White cedar seeds (Thuja occidentalis) _ 

 Red cedar berries (Juniperus commu- 

 nis) 



False Solomon's seal (Smilucina tri- 



folia) 



Greenbrier (Smilax tamnifoliu) 



Cat brier (Smilax sp.) 



Ilackberry (Celtis occidentalis) 



Mulberry (Moms sp.) 



Fig (Ficus sp.) ■. 



Pale persicaria (Polygonum lapa-thi- 



fnlium) 



Poke berries (Phytolacca decandra) 



Mountain ash (Pyrus americana) 



Service berries (AmelancMer sp.) 



Blackberries or raspberries (Rubus sp.)_ 



Rose haws (Rosa sp. i 



Wild black cherries < I'runiis serottna). 



1 

 9 

 1 

 1 



G7 

 1 



ir> 



Bird cherries (Primus pennsylvanica) - 



Domestic cherries (Prunus ccrasus) 



Domestic plum (Prunus domestica) 



Apricot (Prunus armcniaca) 



Filaree (Erodium sp.) 



Poison oak (Rhus diver siloba) 



Staghorn sumac (Rhus hirta) 



Dwarf sumac (Rhus copallina) 



Other sumac (Rhus sp.) 



Tepper tree (Schinus mollc) 



American holly (Ilex opaca) 



Black aider (Ilex rerticillata) 



Coffee hrrries ( Rhamnus californicus) - 



W Ibine ( P«< <■'< /" quinquefolia) 



Frost grape [Vitia cordifolia) 



Spikenard (Arulia racetn08a) 



Flowering dogwood (Cornns florida)- 

 Kinnikinnik (Oornus amotnum) 



