ROADS AND BRIDGES, JULY 1, 1913-DEC. 31, 1914. 9 



drawn by tractor. The maximum fill was 0.5 foot and the total excavation did 

 not exceed 500 cubic yards. The maximum grade was 2 per cent. 



A surface of gravel was laid for 1,500 feet, 16 feet wide, making 2,667 square 

 yards. The gravel was applied in one course with a loose thickness of 8 inches 

 at the center and 4 inches at the sides, with a crown of 6 inches. The material 

 was dumped between 2 by 4 inch planks on edge at sides and the shoulders 

 were built up against the edge of gravel. All the gravel used for surfacing 

 passed a 3-inch ring, had fair binding and wearing qualities, and was obtained 

 from a pit at an average haul to the road of three-fourths of a mile. No water 

 was used on the road during the rolling, which was done with a 6-ton horse 

 roller. The gravel was hauled by farm wagons of 1 cubic yard capacity and 

 Troy dump wagons of 34 cubic yards capacity hauled by a tractor. 



The equipment consisted of one 20-horsepower gasoline tractor, two extra 

 heavy graders, six 3^-yard wagons, a 6-ton horse roller, two rooters, two road 

 plows, four drag scrapers, and one steel road drag. Labor cost $1.20 per day 

 of eight hours and teams $3 per day. The total cost of the road was $460.60, 

 which is at the rate of $0.1727 per square yard, or $1,621.31 per mile. 



The principal items of cost were as follows : Plowing and grading, $0,328 per 

 square yard of finished surface; rolling subgrade, $0.0017 per square yard; 

 loosening and loading gravel, $0.3447 per cubic yard ; hauling gravel, $0.3981 

 per cubic yard ; spreading gravel, $0.05S4 per cubic yard ; rolling gravel, $0.0014 

 per square yard ; trimming shoulders and ditches, $0.0056 per linear foot. 



Caldwell County, Lockhart, Tex. (No. 1). — Work was begun on a gravel 

 road extending south from Lockhart toward Seawillow on the Gonzales road 

 May 28, 1914, and completed on August 7, 1914, with a loss of four days on ac- 

 count of bad weather. The adjacent land is rolling and the natural soil was as 

 follows: Section 1— Station 0+00 to 7+00, black waxy; station 7+00 to 28+00, 

 gray adobe; station 28+00 to 40+00, clay gravel; station 40+00 to 49+00, 

 limestone, gravel, and black dirt. Section 2— -Station 0+00 to 32+00, White 

 adobe. The road was graded 36 feet wide in cuts and 20 feet wide in fills. The 

 maximum cut was 1.5 feet and the maximum fill 2.5 feet. No change was made 

 in maximum grades. Earth was loosened with plows, hauled by Fresno scrapers, 

 and shaped with a blade grader. 



A surface of gravel 14 feet wide was laid for S,975 feet, making 13,961 square 

 yards. The gravel was applied in two courses, the first course from 1£ to 3 

 inches in size and applied 6 inches loose depth; the second course from sand 

 to 1§ inches, applied 3£ inches loose depth. When completed the surfacing was 

 7f inches deep. The material used for surfacing was a pit sand-clay gravel 

 with good binding and wearing qualities. The average haul for both gravel 

 and water for sprinkling was 2,000 feet. The gravel was loaded with slip 

 scrapers through a loading trap into slat-bottom wagons and was spread with a 

 grader. 



Drainage structures were built as follows : One 18-inch by 22-foot corrugated 

 pipe culvert; six 24-inch by 22-foot corrugated pipe culverts; three 30-inch by 

 22-foot corrugated pipe culverts; and one 36-inch by 8-foot culvert. Twenty- 

 nine barrels of cement and 31 cubic yards of gravel were used in head walls. 



The road equipment consisted of Fresno scrapers, road grader, slip scrapers, 

 and slat-bottom wagons. 



Labor cost $2 per day and teams $4 per day of 8 hours. The total cost of 

 the road was $2,676.69, or $0.1770 per square yard, and at the rate of $1,453.70 

 per mile. The principal items of cost were as follows: Culverts complete, 

 $667.37; clearing and grubbing, $4.80 per acre; excavation, $0.1959 per square 

 yard; shaping subgrade, $0.0027 per square yard; concrete end walls, $5.10 

 38°— Bull. 284—15 2 



