10 BULLETIN 284, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



per cubic yard ; surfacing material in pit, $0.07 per cubic yard ; loading gravel 

 witb slip scrapers tbrougb trap, $0.1573 per cubic yard; hauling gravel 2.000 

 feet and dumping, $0.2021 per cubic yard; spreading gravel witb. grader, 

 $(i.01Sl per cubic yard; finisbing, $0.0005 per square yard; general expenses, 

 including superintendent, $10S. 



Caldwell County, Lockhart, Tex. (No. 2). — A second gravel object-lesson 

 road was built at Lockhart, Tex., on the League Line Road, extending southwest 

 from Burdett Wells 'Road toward Luling. Work was begun on March 5, 1914, 

 and completed July 7, 1914, with a loss of 46 days on account of bad weather 

 and 9 days for other causes. The adjacent land is rolling, and the soil from 

 station to 56+50 is " black waxy " ; station 56+50 to 65+00, chocolate loam; 

 and from station 65+00 to S2+00, " black waxy." The road was graded to a 

 width of 36 feet in cuts and 20 feet in fills for a length of 9,680 feet. The 

 maximum cut was 1.5 feet and the maximum fill was 7 feet. The maximum 

 grade of 4 per cent was reduced to 3 per cent. Earth was loosened with plows, 

 handled with Fresno scrapers, and shaped with a road machine. 



The sand-gravel surfacing was loaded into slat-bottom wagons through a 

 loading trap and hauled an average distance of 3,000 feet to the road, where it 

 was spread to a width of 14 feet, making a surfaced area of 15,058 square yards. 

 Two courses were laid, as on the Gonzales Road previously described. 



Drainage structures were built as follows: Five 30-inch corrugated-iron pipe 

 culverts 22 feet long, and two 36-inch corrugated-iron pipe culverts 22 feet long, 

 all with concrete head walls containing a total of 26 barrels of cement and 26 

 cubic yards of pit-run gravel. 



The road equipment used consisted of a road grader, three Fresno scrapers, 

 six slip scrapers, and slat-bottom wagons. 



Labor cost $2 per day and teams $4 per day. The total cost of the road was 

 $3,426.52, or $0.2275 per square yard, which is at the rate of $1,S6S.46 per mile. 

 The principal items of cost were : Clearing and grubbing, $16.72 per acre ; ex- 

 cavation, $0.2625 per square yard ; shaping subgrade, $0.0035 per square yard ; 

 culverts, including material and labor, $452.87; surfacing material in pits. 

 $0.05 per cubic yard ; loading, $0.1573 per cubic yard ; hauling, $0.25S2 per cubic 

 yard ; spreading gravel, $0.009S per cubic yard ; shaping gravel, $0.0007 ; right 

 of way, $117, which is at the rate of $125 per acre ; general expenses. $91.50. 



Comal County, New Braunfels, Tex. — Work was begun on a gravel road 

 extending southeast from New Braunfels toward Seguin on March 13, 1914, 

 and completed May 2S, 1914, with a loss of 25 days on account of bad weather. 

 The adjacent land is rolling, and the nature of the soil is " black waxy." The 

 road was graded 30 feet wide in both cuts and fills for a distance of 4,600 feet. 

 A road machine was used to do all the grading, as it was light work. Tbe 

 maximum grade of 2.3 per cent was reduced to 1.275 per cent. 



The gravel surfacing was obtained from pits, hauled an average of Ibroo- 

 fourtbs of a mile, and spread to a width of 16 feet, making a surfaced area of 

 8,177 square yards. 



One 12-inch and one 24-inch corrugated-metal pipe culverl 122 feet long were 

 laid. 



The total cost of the work was $1,786.36, or $0,218 per square yard. Tbe 

 principal items of cost were clearing and grubbing. $3; grading, $226.75; gravel 

 ready for use, including stripping pits and drilling, 2.272 cubic yards, at $0,179 

 per cubic yard, $752.15; explosives, caps, etc., $101.40; loading and hauling 

 2,272 cubic yards of gravel, at $0,247 per cubic yard. $562.50; spreading gravel, 

 at $0,033 per cubic yard, $75.06; rolling, $5; shaping, $15; and culverts, $15.50. 



