ROADS AND BRIDGES, JULY 1, 1913-DEC. 31, 1914. 11 



Uvalde County, Uvalde, Tex. — A gravel road leading from Uvalde eastward 

 toward Sabinal was begun January 24, 1914, and abandoned February 6, 1914, 

 for lack of funds. The adjacent land is rolling, with brown clay from station 

 0+00 to station 22+00 ; soft rock from station 22+00 to station 35+00 ; black 

 clay loam from station 35+00 to station 57+00. A section 4,300 feet long was 

 graded for a width of 32 feet in both cuts and fills. The gravel surface is 

 2,200 feet long and 16 feet wide, making a surfaced area of 3,911 square yards. 

 One timber bridge having a 15-foot span was constructed at station 42+00. 



The maximum grade was reduced from 6.4 per cent to 4.2 per cent, the maxi- 

 mum cut was 2.8 feet, and the maximum fill 2.9 feet. Approximately 652 cubic 

 yards of gravel were used, spread 10 inches deep at the center, and feathered 

 to at the edges. The gravel was spread 16 feet wide and finished with a crown 

 of 1 inch to the foot. 



Labor cost $1.50 and county teams $1 per 8-hour day. The total cost of the 

 road to the community was $622.13, which is at the rate of $0,159 per square 

 yard for the surfacing. The principal items of cost were as follows : Excava- 

 tion, $94.25; loosening and loading gravel, $8.50; hauling gravel, $305.60; 

 spreading gravel, $36; finishing, $16.25; bridge excavation, $33.75; lumber, 

 $86.78 ; labor on bridges, $41. 



SAND-CLAY ROADS. 



Dukes County, Tisbury, Marthas Vineyard, Mass. — During the month of 

 August, 1913, a section of the Makonikey Road in the town of Tisbury, origi- 

 nally very sandy, was surfaced 16 feet wide with natural sand clay or top soil 

 to a uniform loose depth of 9 inches. This was compacted partly by the traffic 

 and partly by means of a light stone roller and the drag. The length of the 

 section was 320 feet, making 569 square yards, and the total cost was $75.38, 

 which is at the rate of $0,132 per square yard. 



Two-wheeled dump wagons were used for hauling the top soil, and the 

 average load was 24 cubic feet. The average haul was 2,S50 feet. 



Another section of object-lesson road was constructed on the crossroad from 

 Chilmark Post Office to Menemsha Creek by surfacing with a sand-clay mix- 

 ture. After shaping the subgrade clay was hauled and spread to a width of 

 16 feet and a uniform loose depth of 8 inches, then covered with sand to a 

 depth of 4 or 5 inches. The material was thoroughly cut up by plowing and 

 disk harrowing, then by a spiked-tooth harrow followed by disking and shaping 

 with a plank drag. The road was at this time in a loose and powdery con- 

 dition, but mechanically well mixed. It rained shortly after the completion of 

 this part of the work, and the section was then rolled and dragged, with 

 excellent results. 



The total length of this section was ISO feet, making 320 square yards, and 

 the total cost $89.75, which is at the rate of $0,280 per square yard. The price 

 could be reduced one-third if a greater length were built, with a better organ- 

 ized working force. 



Dukes County, Gay Head, Mass. — The improvement of the State Road, ex- 

 tending west from Chilmark toward Gay Head Light, was begun on December 

 3, 1913, and completed on June 8, 1914, after a loss of 12£ days on account of 

 bad weather and 101 days, from January 11 to April 21, 1914, when work was 

 discontinued during the winter. The adjacent land is rolling and composed of 

 successive stretches of sandy loam, fine sand, clay, and a natural sand-clay 

 mixture. 



