KOADS AND BRIDGES, JULY i, 1913-DEC. 31, 1914. 15 



ing sand, at $0,034 per cubic yard, $17.50; hauling, at $0,155 per cubic yard, 

 $79.48; spreading, at $0,015 per cubic yard, $7.25; mixing and dragging, at 

 $0,009 per square yard, $32.30. 



Duplin County, Wallace, N. C. (Section 1). — Two sections of sand-clay 

 road were constructed in the vicinity of Wallace. Work was begun on the first 

 section, extending northeasterly from Wallace toward Chinqumpin, on September 

 4, 1913, and completed on September 12, 1913, with a loss of one day on account 

 of bad weather. The adjacent land is slightly rolling, with a sandy soil over a 

 clay strata. The total length of 2,000 feet was graded 22 feet wide in both cuts 

 and fills, but the grade of the road was not materially changed. The average 

 haul was 50 feet, and the hauling was done chiefly with drag scrapers. 



The road was plowed to bring the clay up into the sand, and the two materials 

 were then thoroughly mixed by means of harrows and scrapers. The finishing 

 was done with the split-log drag. The entire length of 2,000 feet was thus 

 treated for the full width of 22 feet. 



The equipment consisted of a road scraper, a disk harrow, tooth barrow, 

 scoops, turning plow, rooter plow, horse roller, and split-log drags. 



The total cost of the road was $140.25, which is at the rate of $0,029 per 

 square yard. The principal items of cost were as follows : Clearing and grub- 

 bing, $50.66; excavation, $22.54; mixing, $22.75; shaping, $23.60; trimming the 

 shoulders, $15.10; explosives, $5.60. The above costs are based on a labor cost 

 of $1.25 per day of 10 hours and a cost of $0.50 per day for each mule, not 

 including the driver. 



Duplin County, Wallace, N. C. (Section 2). — Work was begun on the sec- 

 ond section, extending from Island Creek Bridge toward Chinquapin, on Sep- 

 tember 12, 1913, and completed on October 4, 1913, with a loss of two days on 

 account of bad weather. The adjacent land is slightly rolling and the natural 

 soil is mostly sand. A total length of 3,100 feet was graded 22 feet wide in 

 both cuts and fills. The excavation amounted to 850 cubic yards and the 

 average haul was less than 100 feet. Drag scrapers were used. 



Throughout its entire length the road was surfaced to a width of 15 feet, 

 making 5,167 square yards. The sand-clay surface was constructed by spread- 

 ing the clay on the sand surface to a depth of 8 inches at the center and 6 

 inches at the sides. Sand was added from the slopes and gutters, and in addi- 

 tion to the daily use of the harrow the heavy teaming assisted in mixing the 

 materials. The surface was finished with the split-log drag. It is estimated 

 that about 717 cubic yards of clay were hauled to the road from the two clay 

 pits. The binding qualities of the clay and the wearing qualities of the clay 

 and sand appear to be very good. Five vitrified-pipe culverts were constructed, 

 ranging in size from 10 inches to 24 inches. 



The equipment consisted of a road scraper, disk and tooth harrows, log 

 drag, plows, etc. The total cost of the road was $452.76, which is at the rate 

 of $0,081 per square yard, exclusive of drainage structures. The principal 

 items of cost were as follows : Grading, $182.08 ; explosives, $4.80 ; culvert mate- 

 rials, $27.26; labor on the same, $8.97; surfacing, $210.98; general expenses, 

 $18.67. The above costs are based on a labor cost of $1.25 per 10-hour day and 

 a cost of $0.50 per mule each day. 



Okmulgee County, Okmulgee, Okla. — Work was begun on a stretch of the 

 road leading south from Okmulgee toward Henryetta on June 26, 1913, and 

 completed in about 30 days. The adjacent land Is slightly rolling. The soil is 

 generally either sand or clay, with a small amount of prairie soil. The sand 

 occurs for the most part in the depressions, while the clay occurs on the hills. 



