20 BULLETIN" 284, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



culvert material, $2.68 ; topsoil purchased, $20 ; explosives, $5.63 ; other mate- 

 rials, $10.71. The above costs were based upon a labor cost of $1.35, and a 

 cost for mules of $1 per day of nine hours. 



Gates County, Sunbury, N. C. (Section 2). — Work was begun on the second 

 section, extending from Sunbury southward toward Milldam, on December 2, 

 1913, and continued to January 14, 1914, with a loss of one day on account of 

 bad weather and a loss of 12 days due to other causes. The adjacent land is 

 level, and the natural soil is a clay from station 0+00 to 1+70 ; sandy soil from 

 1+70 to 3 ; clay from 3 to S ; sandy soil from S to 17+50. A total length of 1,750 

 feet was graded 30 and 40 feet wide in cuts and 25 feet wide in fills. Earth 

 was excavated to the amount of 550 cubic yards, 300 cubic yards of which were 

 excavated from ditches and used on the road. Approximately 2,468 square 

 yards of road were surfaced with 436 cubic yards of topsoil. 



At station 15 a 16-inch corrugated metal culvert 3S feet long was placed and 

 at station 15+75 a blind drain 20 feet long was constructed. 



The total cost of the road was $354.19, which is at the rate of $0,144 per 

 square yard, exclusive of drainage structures. The principal items of cost 

 were as follows: Grading: Clearing and grubbing, $24.89; plowing $6.9S; work 

 done with drag scrapers, $21.16; dump carts, $23.55; handwork, $3.30; grader 

 work, $4.28; digging ditches, $66.20 ; trimming shoulders, $28.77; superintend- 

 ence, $32. Surfacing: Preparing subgrade, $13.56; stripping, $3.82; ioadiug 

 and hauling, $60.94 ; spreading, $8.45 ; mixing, $1.67 ; shaping, $3.76 ; compacting, 

 $3.17; superintendence, $13.50; surfacing materials, $16.60; general expenses, 

 $12.05. Drainage structures: Excavation, $1.20; hauling, $1.97; building wall, 

 $1.20; placing pipe, $1.17. The above costs were based on labor at $1.25 and 

 $1.50, and teams including driver at $3, per day of 10 hours. 



Davidson County, Tiiomasville. N. C. — Work was begun on a topsoil road 

 leading from Thomasville toward Randolph County on July 31. 1913, and com- 

 pleted on September 20, 1913, with a loss of eight days on account of bad 

 weather. The adjacent land is rolling, and the natural soil is a yellow clay 

 from station to 20, except for rock ledges between station 4+00 and 

 4+50; station 10+50 and 11+25; station 14+75 and 15+25. From station 20 

 to 23 is gray topsoil, and from station 23 to 25 is a red clay. Scarcity of sand 

 was the reason for using topsoil in the road surface instead of following the 

 regular method of sand-clay construction. A total length of 3,500 feet was 

 graded 30 feet wide in cuts and 25 feet wide in fills. 



Earth was excavated to the amount of 3,359 cubic yards, and ihe rock exca- 

 vation amounted to 311 cubic yards. The average haul for all excavation was 

 375 feet, and the maximum haul 725 feet. The road was surfaced with topsoil 

 15 feet wide for a distance of 1,200 feet, making 2,000 square yards. Tins re- 

 quired 444 cubic yards of material, which was hauled an average distance of 

 1,000 feet. The topsoil was spread by band and witli a grader. 



Two concrete culverts were replaced and one new concrete culvert was con- 

 structed, all of which were provided with stone bead walls. 



The equipment consisted of 1 road grader, 4 wheeled scrapers, 8 pan scraper^. 

 and 2 road plows. The total cost of the read was $1,199.19, including culverts, 

 winch is at the rate of $<>.6<> per square yard. The principal items of cost 

 were as follows : Excavation al $o.:M per cubic yard. $ssi'. |;i; shaping at $0.0444 

 per square yard. $185.25; culvert pipe at $0.75 per linear foot, $22.50; labor 

 on same, $7.75; loading topsoil at $0.1568 per cubic yard. $18.50; hauling same 

 to road at $0.1525 per cubic yard. $18; spreading topsoil al $0.0318 per cubic 

 yard, $3.75; trimming shoulders, $8.25; shaping topsoil. $4.50; explosives, $.'!:!. 120; 

 general expenses, $16. Labor was paid $1.25 and teams $3 for 10-hour day. 



