22 BULLETIN 284, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



total amount of excavation 1,693 cubic yards. The maximum grade of 3.69 

 per cent was reduced to 3.52 per cent. The grubbing and clearing was so heavy 

 the grading could not be economically done with blade graders. Earth was 

 loosened with plow, moved by drag and wheeled scrapers, and spread by drags 

 and by hand. No rolling was done. 



Drainage structures were constructed as follows: At 4+60 a 20-inch corru- 

 gated-iron pipe, 24 feet long, costing $28.S7; at 7+24 a 24-inch corrugated-iron 

 pipe, 24 feet long, costing $35.88; at 13+21 a reinforced-concrete box culvert, 

 4 by 2.5 feet and 21 feet 8 inches long, containing 9.21 cubic yards, costing 

 $107.86, or 11.71 per cubic yard. No head walls on pipe culverts. 



The equipment consisted of a road plow, drag scrapers, and four-wheeled 

 scrapers. Labor cost $1.25 per day, foreman $2 per day. and man and team 

 $3 per day of 10 hours. The total cost of the road, exclusive of drainage struc- 

 tures, was $559.92, which is at the rate of $0.1225 per square yard. The prin- 

 cipal items of cost were: Clearing and grubbing, $102.56; excavation, at $0,232 

 per cubic yard ; shaping, $0.00072 per square yard ; and superintendence, $61.30. 



Chickasaw County, Woodland, Miss. — Work was begun on the Pontitock 

 Ridge road leading from Woodland toward Pontitock Ridge on July 9, 1913, but 

 the representative from this office remained until July IS. 1913, just long 

 enough to get the work well under way. The road was graded 1,200 feet in 

 length for a width of 24 feet at the time of his departure. The adjacent land 

 is rolling and the natural soil is clay. The road was built by subscription 

 and donated labor and teams, and the estimated cost is based on $1 per 10 

 hours for labor and $3 per 10 hours for teams. On the above basis the cost 

 to the community was $72.66, or at the rate of $0,022 per square yard. 



Okmulgee County, Okmulgee, Okla. — A stretch 4,S20 feet long and 20 

 feet wide on the road leading south from Okmulgee toward Henryetta was 

 graded in August, 1913. The area graded was 10,711 square yards. The 

 volume of earthwork was 3,497 cubic yards and the cost $1,365, or $0,127 per 

 square yard, or $0,390 per cubic yard. 



Five culverts were built of good hard sandstone: One 2 by 2 by 20 feet, 

 rubble masonry, with stone slab top; two 2 by 4 by 20 feet, rubble masonry, 

 with reinforced concrete slab ; one 3 by 4 by 20 feet, rubble masonry, with 

 reinforced concrete slab; one 3 by 5 by 20 feet, rubble masonry, with reinforced 

 concrete slab. Two existing rubble culverts were repaired, one of which was 

 lengthened to 20 feet. The culvert work aggregated (59.36 cubic yards and was 

 performed under a verbal contract for $350, or $5.05 per cubic yard. 



See Okmulgee, Okla., under "sand-clay road," for further information of 

 work done on an adjoining section of road at this place. 



Gibson County, Cades, Tenn. — Work was begun on au earth road extending 

 west from Cades toward Trenton on August 3, 1914, and completed August 21, 

 1914. The adjacent land is quite hilly and the soil is clay with considerable 

 sand. This road was graded with plow, scrapers, and grader to a width of 

 26 feet in cuts and 20 feet in fills for a length of 4,200 feet. The maximum cut 

 was 2.5 feet and the maximum fill 2 feet. The maximum grade of 4 per cent 

 was not changed. 



The total cost of the work was $664.79, or $0.0656 per square yard. The 

 principal items of cost were: Clearing and grubbing 2.444 square yards at 

 $0.0089 per square yard. $21.87; excavation and embankment at $0,059 per 

 square yard, $594.80; trimming slopes and ditches, $6.87; and superintendence, 

 $41.25. 



