14 BULLETIN 292, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



June 28 to July 30, and in 1863 as early as June 26 (MacFarlane) ; 

 St. Michael, Alaska, June 16, 1880 (Nelson) ; and at the mouth of the 

 Kowak River, Alaska, June 17, 1899 (Grinnell). 



Fall migration. — The regular disappearance of the long-tailed jaeger 

 from its breeding grounds takes place in August and September. 

 The last was noted at Fort Conger, August 30, 1882 (Greeley), and at 

 Point Barrow, August 12, 1883 (Murdoch). A few individuals pass 

 south along both coasts of North America before they cross the ocean 

 to their winter homes. On the Atlantic side they have been noted 

 on Anticosti Island, in August, 1900 (Schmitt) ; West Castleton, Vt., 

 about September 7, 1877 (Howe); Woods Hole, Mass., August 12, 

 1888, September 10-22, 1906, and October 13, 1894 (Edwards); on 

 Georges Bank, off Massachusetts, not rare in fall (Collins) ; Monomoy 

 Island, Mass., September 29, 1885 (Cahoon) ; Wallingford, Conn., 

 August 30, 1873 (Merriam) ; once on Long Island, N. Y., in fall 

 (Lawrence) ; and once at Cape Canaveral, Fla. (Cory) . The Pacific 

 slope records are: Okanogan Landing, British Columbia, August 30, 

 1905, and September IS, 1911 (Brooks); Chilliwack, British Colum- 

 bia, August 23 and September 7, 1889 (Brooks) ; near Monterey, Cal., 

 August 23, 1894 (Loomis); and Pacific Beach, Cal., September 19, 

 1904 (Bishop). 



The species has occurred casually in the interior at San Sault Rapid, 

 Mackenzie, June 19, 1904 (Preble) ; near Winnipeg, Manitoba, Sep- 

 tember, 1896 (Seton), and October 8, 1902 (Atkinson); Southampton 

 Island, Keewatin, August 17, 1821 (Saunders); near Cairo, 111., No- 

 vember, 1876 (Ridgway) ; and at Lone Tree, near Iowa City, Iowa, 

 June 15, 1907 (Anderson). 



IVORY GULL. Pagophila alba (Gunnerus). 



Range. — Arctic seas, wintering in high latitudes in the Eastern 

 Hemisphere south to France. 



Breeding range. — The principal summer home of the ivory gull 

 includes the Arctic islands of the Eastern Hemisphere. Here it is 

 abundant, hi many places outnumbering all other gulls combined, and 

 has been noted north to latitude 85°. It is abundant also as a breeder 

 in the extreme northwestern part of Greenland, from Thank God 

 Harbor (Bessels) to Rensselaer Bay (Kane), throughout Ellesmere 

 Island, and south to the northern part of Baffin Land at Port Bowen 

 (Parry). To the westward it is much less common but has been 

 found breeding west to Winter Harbor (Parry) and to the north- 

 eastern part of Prince Patrick Island (M'Clintock). 



Winter range. — In the Eastern Hemisphere the ivory gull winters 

 just to the southward of its summer home, and ranges thence south 

 to France. It withdraws almost entirely at this season from the 

 Western Hemisphere, except for an occasional l>ird that remains near 



