16 BULLETIN 292, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



have been secured the first week in August on both Spitzbergen 

 (Bendire) and Franz Josef Land (Johnson). 



Fall migration. — In 1850 the last ivory gull was seen near Welling- 

 ton Channel, September 15 (Kane). Two years later none were seen 

 there after September 5 (McCormick), while the last had been noted 

 at Boothia Felix, September 21, 1829 (Koss). Near the northern 

 limit of its range, at Lincoln Bay, Ellesmere Island, the last disappeared 

 September 1, 1875 (Feilden), but 10 degrees farther south, at Point Bar- 

 row, Alaska, the species was seen until October 10, 1882 (Murdoch), 

 and to September 25, 1897 (Stone). A few were still present Novem- 

 ber 9, 1912, in Bering Strait, between East Cape and the Diomede 

 Islands (Thayer and Bangs), and on Bering Island, December 2, 1875 

 (specimen in U. S. National Museum). 



Individuals wander south along the Atlantic Coast of North 

 America and a few have been captured at Okak, Labrador (Weiz); 

 Rigolet, Labrador (Dawson); Anticosti Island, October, 1902 

 (Sckmitt); Godbout, Quebec, December 9, 1895, and January 5, 1908 

 (Comeau) ; Halifax, Nova Scotia (Jones) ; St. John, New Brunswick, 

 November, 1880 (Brewster); Grand Manan, New Brunswick (Board- 

 man) ; Penobscot Bay, Me., December, 1894 (specimen in U. S, 

 National Museum) ; Lake Ontario (Mcllwraith) ; Monomoy Island, 

 Mass., December 1, 1886 (Allen); and Sayville, Long Island, N. Y., 

 January 5, 1893 (Dutcher). The species has been noted once on the 

 Kowak River, Alaska (McLenegan) , once on St. George Island, Alaska 

 (specimen in U. S. National Museum), and three times in British 

 Columbia: Dease Lake, September, 1889 (Kermode); Penticton, 

 October, 1897 (Brooks); and Okanogan Lake, November, 1897 

 (Kermode). 



KITTIWAKE. Rissa tridactyla tridactyla (Leott/Eus). 



Range. — Arctic America, east of the Mackenzie ; Arctic Europe and 

 western Siberia; south to northern Africa, the Canaries, Bermuda, 

 and New Jersey; casual in the interior of eastern North America. 



Breeding range. — The kittiwake breeds as far north as it can find 

 solid land on which to put its nest, and it has been noted over the 

 ice packs even to latitude 84° 52' (Sverdrup). It is circumpolar and 

 almost everywhere that observations have been made on the Arctic 

 islands, this species has been recorded as nesting abundantly. 

 In the Western Hemisphere it was found breeding north to Thank 

 God Harbor, Greenland (Bcssels); Cape Union, Ellesmere Island 

 (Feilden); north of Wellington Channel, latitude 77° (Belcher); 

 Winter Harbor, Melville Island (Parry); Point Barrow (Stone); and 

 the whole length of the coast of northwestern Alaska north of Bering 

 Strait and of northeastern Siberia. 



The above represents the range of the species as a whole. The 

 dividing lino between the eastern (typical) subspecies tridactyla. and 



