NORTH AMERICAN GULLS AND THEIR ALLIES. 



57 



next year not a nest could be found at this lake, owing to a drought 

 that had lowered the water level. 



Fall migration. — A very early migrant was taken at Valparaiso, 

 Chile, in September, 1859 (Philippi), though usually the species does 

 not reach southern Texas until the last of that month (Armstrong). 

 The extreme northern part of the range is deserted, however, at an 

 early date, since for 14 years the average date of the last one seen at 

 Aweme, Manitoba, is August 10, latest August 21, 1905 (Griddle): 

 Harrisburg, N. Dak., latest October 1, 1901 (Eastgate); southeastern 

 South Dakota, average of the last seen October 13, latest November 

 12, 1891; Badger, Nebr., November 12, 1899 (Colt); Lincoln, Nebr., 

 November 17, 1900 (Wolcott); Lawrence, Kans., November 1, 1905 

 (Wetmore); Madison, Minn., October 8, 1894 (Lano); West Depere, 



Fig. 27.— Franklin's gull {La 



i), adult in summer plumage. 



Wis., October 22, 1884 (Willard); Lake Koshkonong, Wis., a few 

 each year in September and October, latest October 29, 1871 (Kum- 

 lien); and Corpus Christi, Tex., November 3-7, 1909 (Thayer). 



BONAPARTE'S GULL. Lams Philadelphia (Oed.) 



Range. — North America from Alaska and Mackenzie to Yucatan 

 and Jalisco, Mexico. 



Breeding range. — A distinction needs to be made in the case of 

 Bonaparte's gull between its summer home and its nesting range, 

 since many of this species remain through the summer as nonbreeders 

 far south of the district in which they nest. Eggs or nests or un- 

 fledged young have been found at only a few places. This gull 

 breeds abundantly in northern Mackenzie in the region around Fort 

 Anderson (MacFarlane), and thence west to Fort Yukon and the 

 lower Yukon, at Nulato (Dall), the only places in Alaska whence the 



