NORTH AMERICAN GULLS AND THEIR ALLIES. 67 



Migration range. — During both spring and fall Sabine's gull occurs 

 regularly on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States and 

 has also wandered inland so many times that there are records of it 

 from most of the States of the Union. There are no Mexican, Central 

 American, or West Indian records, except a few on the western coast 

 of Lower California, and no record on the whole coast of the United 

 States from Long Island to Texas. The bird is known from Spitz- 

 bergen, Jan Mayen, the coasts of the North Sea, and inland to Austria- 

 Hungary, and Lake Geneva, Switzerland. It is a fairly common fall 

 migrant on the coast of Siberia, at Plover Bay (Dall), and was once 

 collected at Novo Marinsk at the head of the Gulf of Anadyr (Allen) . 



Spring migration. — The earliest dates of arrival at St. Michael, 

 Alaska, were May 7, 1851 (Adams), and May 10, 1878 (Nelson), and 

 the species became common there May 15-25. The first were seen 

 at Point Barrow June 2, 1882, and June 6, 1883 (Murdoch), and the 

 first at Camden Bay, Yukon, May 13, 1854 (Collinson). The fact 

 that the species was still common in April at the southern limit of its 

 range, in Peru, would seem to indicate that it remains in its winter 

 home until the breeding season is near at hand and then performs a 

 late and rapid migration. 



During the period of spring migration the species is rarely noted in 

 North America south of the breeding grounds, and has been recorded 

 from Scarborough, Me., May 31, 1877 (Smith); Indian Head, New 

 Brunswick, May, 1878 (Boardman); Chicago, 111., April 1, 1873 (Nel- 

 son); near Janesville, Wis., April, 1897 (Hollister); near Norway 

 House, Manitoba, June 11, 1859 (Kennicott); Cumberland Gulf, June 

 15, 1884 (Henderson); Whiter Island, Melville Peninsula, June 29, 

 1822 (Parry); Fort Conger, Ellesmere Island, July 6, 1882 (Greely); 

 San Diego, Cal., May 15, 1905 (Nelson and Goldman) ; Monterey, Cal., 

 several, April 9, 1903 (Breninger) ; one, May 12, 1897 (Loomis), and 11 

 birds, May 15-21, 1907 (Beck); near Bellabella, British Columbia, 

 several, May 24, 1911 (Wetmore) ; and Chilkat Inlet, Yukon, one, June 

 1, 1899 (Osgood). 



The earliest eggs at St. Michael, Alaska, were laid June 5; by June 

 13, 1880, full complements of eggs were common; and the earliest 

 young were on the wing July 15-20 (Nelson). Eggs were just hatch- 

 ing in Melville Bay, Greenland, July 25, 1818 (Sabine), while eggs 

 were taken on Southampton Island, Hudson Bay, June 28, 1908 

 (Low), and young were already on the wing at Point Dalhousie, 

 Mackenzie, August 8, 1848 (Richardson). 



Fall migration. — Evidently some individuals start southward before 

 the normal ending of the breeding season, for the first fall migrants 

 have appeared at St. Matthew Island, Alaska, July 15, 1899 (Fisher); 

 near mouth of Georges River, Ungava Bay, middle of July, 1884 

 (Turner); Raynor South, Long Island, N. Y., July, 1837 (Giraud); 



