THE ASHES : THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT. 



49 



The comparative growth of trees with varying amounts of growing 

 space is shown in Table 22, giving the growth in 10 years of different 

 crown classes; 1 predominant, dominant, codominant, intermediate, 

 and suppressed. By thinning it is possible to make dominant trees 

 out of desirable codominant and intermediate ones which are being 

 crowded by less desirable trees, especially of other species. 



By thinnings it should be possible in some cases to secure the 

 board-feet yields indicated in Table 18 from 5 to 10 years earlier, 

 and increase accordingly the possible interest rate on the money 

 invested, provided the thinnings can be made to pay for themselves. 



Very slight crowding of ash when comparatively young will develop 

 long, straight, clear boles. As soon as these are established it is 

 best, in order to get the most valuable development of the stand, 

 to thin out so that each tree which is to form a part of the final crop 

 will have its crown practically free on all sides (PI. XVI). It will 

 usually be sufficient for purposes of heavy thinning if the boles are 

 clear for 25 feet or more from the ground, or if the branches are all 

 dead up to that height. 



Table 22. — Relation of crovm class, age and size of trees, and size of crown, to rate of 

 growth in diameter and volume of white ash in New York, growing in comparatively 

 even-aged dense stands. 



TREES ON SANDY LOAM SOIL, OSWEGO COUNTY, NEW YORK. 





Average. 



Average crown. 



Growth in last 

 10 years. 



Crown class. 



Age. 



Diam- 

 eter 



breast- 

 high. 



Height. 



Length. 



Width. 



Branch- 

 wood 

 2 inches 

 or more 

 in di- 

 ameter. 



In di- 

 ameter. 



In vol- 

 ume of 

 stem- 

 wood 

 inside 

 bark. 



Basis. 



Suppressed 



Dominant 



Codominant 



Intermediate 



Predominant 



Dominant 



Codominant 



Intermediate 



Predominant 



Years. 

 32 



41 

 41 

 40 



60 

 60 

 60 

 60 



85 



Inches. 

 4.1 



11.3 



9.2 

 7.0 



17.4 



15.7 



12.4 



9.1 



19.1 



Feet. 

 45.1 



67.1 

 65.9 

 57.9 



68.7 

 77.9 

 74.9 

 69.3 



90.9 



Feet. 

 17.2 



28.1 

 23.8 

 22.8 



40.1 

 33.7 

 27.9 

 24.6 



33.7 



Feet. 

 10.6 



19.8 

 16.3 

 13.4 



29.2 



23.2 

 17.7 

 16.0 



30.3 



Cu.ft. 



Inches. 

 1.1 



3.2 

 2.3 

 1.3 



2.7 

 2.7 

 1.8 

 1.3 



4.5 



Cu.ft. 

 1.02 



10.00 

 6.31 

 2.65 



15.41 



14.76 



7.94 



3.98 



30.30 



Trees. 



2.16 



.72 

 .05 



10.88 

 4.72 

 1.57 



.77 



8.78 



31 

 41 

 16 



17 

 15 

 6 



3 



1 Under predominant, dominant, and codominant are included all trees which go to form the upper or 

 main crown cover: (1) predominant, trees with crowns well above those of other trees; (2) dominant, trees 

 with well-formed crowns, receiving light on all sides ; (3) codominant, trees with uneven crowns and crowded 

 on the sides. The intermediate and suppressed classes include overtopped trees below the upper crown 

 cover ; (4) intermediate, receiving some direct sunlight on tips of crowns ; (5) suppressed, with tips of crowns 

 shaded. 



6023°— Bull. 299—15 4 



