THE ASHES : THEIR CHARACTERISTICS AND MANAGEMENT. 51 



SUMMARY OF SPECIES OF ASH FOR MANAGEMENT. 



The species of ash suited for forest management on different sites 

 and in different regions of the United States and methods of reforesta- 

 tion to be used are summarized in Table 23. 



Table 23 .—Summary of species for management in different regions. 



Region and character of site. 



Species to use in 

 order of pref- 

 erence. 



Possibility and 

 method of natu- 

 ral reproduction. 



Artificial reforestation. 



(1) New England, Middle, 

 and Lake States: 

 Dry upland (especial- 

 ly south and west 

 slopes). 



Fresh to moist upland 

 (especially north 

 and east slopes). 



Bottomland with fair 

 surface or under 

 drainage. 



Blue ash, on rich 

 soils only; ex- 

 perimental. 



White ash, and ex- 

 perime ntally 

 Biltmore ash. 



White ash, red 

 ash, black ash. 



Poor; shelterwood 

 system; dibbling 

 in seed. 



Fair; shelterwood 

 system; d i b - 

 bling in seed. 



Good; clear cutting; 

 seed dibbling. 



Planting of 2-foot seedlings, 

 spaced 4 by 4 to 6 by 6 feet; cul- 

 tivation for 2 years essential; 

 preferably mixed plantations. 



Planting 6 by 6, or 8 by 8 if culti- 

 vated two seasons; cultivation 

 advisable. 



Planting 8 by 8, or seed spots. 

 Subsequent thinnings. 



Black ash 



Fair; clear cutting; 



Planting of seedlings 6 by 6 feet. 



(2) Central States, Southern 

 Appalachians and Pied- 

 mont regions: 

 Dry upland (especial- 

 ly south and west 

 slopes). 

 Fresh to moist upland 

 (especially north 

 and east slopes). 

 Bottomland with fair 

 «• surface or under- 

 drainage. 



Blue and Biltmore 

 ashes; on rich 

 soils only. 



White and Bilt- 

 more ashes. 



White and green 

 ashes. 



seed dibbling. 



Poor; shelterwood 

 system; dib- 

 bling in seed. 

 Fair 



Planting 2-foot seedlings, 4 by 4 

 to 6 by 6 feet; 2 years cultiva- 

 tion; mixed plantations best. 



Planting 6 by 6 or 8 by 8 if culti- 



Good; clear cut- 

 ting. 



vated two seasons; cultivation 

 advisable. 

 Planting, 8 by 8, or seed spots. 

 Subsequent thinnings. 



Black, pumpkin, 

 and green ashes. 



Green and pump- 

 kin ashes. 



Pumpkin and 

 green ashes. 



Red and green 



ashes . 

 Green and red 



ashes. 



Oregon ash 



Fair to poor; clear 

 cutting; seed 

 dibbling. 



Good; shelterwood 

 and clear-cut- 

 ting methods; 

 seed dibbling. 



Fair to poor; clean 

 cutting; seed 

 dibbling. 



Poor 



Planting of seedlings 6 by 6 feet. 



(3) Atlantic and Gulf Coastal 

 Plain region: 

 Fair surface or sub- 

 surface drainage. 



Planting 6 by 6 to 8 by 8 or seed 

 spots. Subsequent thinnings. 



Planting 6 by 6. 



(4) Prairie and Plains States: 







Fair 



two to four seasons. 

 Planting 6 by 6 to 8 by 8 and cul- 



(5) racific Coast region: 



Fair; clear cutting 

 and shelterwood 

 systems. 



tivated. 

 Planting 6 by 6. 



(6) Southwest: 





Leatherleaf ashes 

 ( F. velutina and 

 coriacea.) 



Poor; shelterwood 

 system. 



Planting 6 by 6. Hardly to be 





advised. 









tion four seasons. For shade 

 trees and windbreaks only. 



