

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

 BULLETIN No. 299 



Contribution from the Forest Service 

 HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester 



us 



Washington, D. C. 



PROFESSIONAL PAPER 



December 13, 1915 



THE ASHES: THEIR CHARACTERISTICS 

 AND MANAGEMENT 



By 

 W. D. STERRETT, Forest Examiner, Forest Service 



CONTENTS 



Page 



Importance 1 



Lumber Cut 2 



Use by Industries 4 



Groups and Species 6 



Silvicultural Significance 9 



Relative Importance of Species .... 11 



Occurrence 13 



Soil, Moisture, and Light Requirements . 17 



Reproduction 19 



Injuries 28 



Form and Development 26 



Page 



Yields 82 



Value of Standing Timber 34 



Forest Management ........ 36 



Rotation 39 



Species for Timber Growing 39 



Natural v. Artificial Reforestation ... 40 



Reforesting bjr Natural Means .... 41 



Reforesting by Artificial Means .... 44 



.Thinnings 48 



Summary SI 



Appendix 62 



WASHINGTON 



GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 



1915 



r 



