56 



BULLETIN" 376, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



triangles (see other observations on PI. VII) shows that hsted tables 



of/ in the Weisbach formula do not extend 

 to 144-inch pipes; hence comparison was 

 not made with the Weisbach formula 

 (column 23, Table 2). 



At the bottom of the chart the reason 

 for the blank opposite "Moritz" is quite 

 obvious, since this observation was made 

 subsequent to his own tests. Opposite 

 Scobey's name the heavy upper line 

 indicates that all the observations in this 

 series received a weight of 3 in determin- 

 ing the general value of the intercept 

 equation (fig. 4). The light line under 

 the heavy one indicates that these obser- 

 vations did not receive much weight in 

 determining the general value of the 

 exponent of V (see p. 51, and column 14 

 Table 3). 



At the extreme right of the chart the 

 same symbols are used to show the relative 

 positions of the mean of all observation 

 percentages (see foot of columns 19 to 23, 

 inclusive, Table 2) and also the means of 

 the average percentages by pipes (see foot 

 of columns 18 to 22, inclusive, Table 3). 



The new formulas and the Moritz form- 

 ulas agree for a 4-inch pipe, diverging as 

 the diameters increase exactly as do the 

 curves in figure 4, Thus by the time a 

 pipe 144 inches in diameter is reached the 

 Moritz formula shows 20 per cent greater 

 capacity than that shown by the new 

 formulas while a glance at the larger 

 sizes of pipes (PI. VII) shows that even 

 the new formulas give a greater carrying 

 capacity than observations on most pipes 

 larger than 24 inches would promise. 



Curve of general .^ ^A^No.2' \ 



equation Tor m'.-i 



NJ^\\. 



Do+-dash shows- 



J>^o 3s\/ 



Morit?' and dash 





shows Moore's ; 



e<juations for m.~ 



vv%< 



\X\ 



/ W&4 7\/ 





X^<\<<s: 



'*'\x^ 



>}\x5 



/x a' 



toV/\/^ 



n/\/^°.5/\/v 1 



,1' > \ /\J 



/\ /\ 



h V ; 



<j y/ N^ 







\/ Vvo 



isMno g\ / "o 



/X / s 



f.'Na lO. yC 



,'/ \/ 



>N \ / O 



\/>t 



O /2\/ X 





/x / <^ 







/ x^ 1 



'^No 1^^ 



' WNO It. 





/ ^S^ 



V XyZ/O^ 



' /C 1/ 



^/ yNo.16^' 



ft \/1 



^wC//yc, " 





1/ X/ / •S'Ji 









1/ //n/ h- 





'^S/ / // O ~ 





\/no. 19- / / '<S- o 



ijOxX/ i^ 



\ \ / / O 





FV^X// r 



NVN/^afv/i: /<sx/ / A/ 5 



'JOvSFk^A/X//'' ^ 



\'^>Ovx^^""^ 



/'v/v'?^ /x /VyyC o" 



. X /^y/Kj XA/X// "-> "° 



^^^W/^^'^'^^ 



n /'^''^^y?0>V/X/A2^ ^ 



" \^)^/9w*v<i^^'5^>vy> ^ 



■g ^ VZ/AW^^^^ 





■- ''//x//r)sf 



/ /yy///\c/ r~ 



%'^6Q9m 



ywHo.sej^q 'i 





.ffl iV///?W/, 



W/y/No. 37. 

 y%0fJo.38. 5) 



■a /W//w/^ 



^//(/ /y/^ v ' 





///^^ ///^ c 







¥^m^/M i\ 





s/ /%///// (U 



W////vO['^ 



/(y//^// D 



'^Wm 



^^Ji^ 1 



^o.4zy/y. 



^0.44>W ■'' 



^V/P^^/XZ-o 



<V'//>Sv>'4/ x /yC, ■s> 



//%60^°^^ /^\l'°°a 



'' L///f^°'^5. ViNo.i-?.. . 



'■""W^ 



Y,,No.48. y<c> 



0""/^'°^ 



\\ y /\i/ /* 



/V/° 



i'T/m 



7yQ'^^ 



^»M 



m'=7.68d-'-''' 

 «■■ (^Scobey) 



/X /,,„ 



I'icOOKVl/ 



m--8.3d-!:^° 



&°^M 



■ (Moore) 



><\_nv/loritj) 





\0°^^§ 



W^< 



\ x/\^^s/lvA 







^^"^ 



„. W^ 



% 



KUTTER'S FORMULA AS APPLIED 

 WOOD-STAVE PIPE. 



TO 



In discussing the Moritz experiments 

 with reference to the value of n in Kutter's 

 formula, Hering states^ that he ''recog- 



1 Traus. Amer. Soc. Civ. Engin., 74 (J911), p. 459. 



