ENDOTHIA PARASITICA AND RELATED SPECIES. 63 



The inoculations were examined every 10 days until December 1 

 and monthly thereafter throughout the winter. There was no per- 

 ceptible growth until the last of April, when several of the inocula- 

 tions of Ethdothia 'parasitica showed slight sunken areas. By May 

 20 all inoculations checked as showing growth (last column of table) 

 showed the slight yellowish elevations of the bark which indicate 

 the beginnings of pycnidia. On August 30 all the inoculations of 

 E. 'parasitica checked as showing gTowth had spread rapidly and 

 attacked the living tissues of the host, producing typical cankers with 

 mycelial fans and abundant pycnidia. 



No signs of growth were noted in the inoculations of Enclothia 

 ■jluens until about the middle of May, 1913, when most of them 

 showed signs of pycnidium formation. By August 30 all those 

 marked as showing growth had produced characteristic pycnidia 

 with spores, which when cultured proved to be typical E. f,uens. In 

 no case, however, did this fungus spread for any appreciable distance 

 beyond the injured portion or show signs of active parasitism. These 

 results agree with those given by Anderson and Anderson (2, p. 206) 

 with American material of E. fluens^ and have since been fully con- 

 firmed by further observation. 



During the summer of 1914 about 1,100 inoculations of Endothia 

 ■fluens from both European and American sources and of E. jluens 

 mississippiensis were made on Castanea sprouts. In no case was 

 there any evidence of active parasitism, as in E. parasitica. 



Although Endothia fluens has been found in Europe on a con- 

 siderable number of deciduous host plants (as recorded on p. 18), 

 the writers have thus far failed to find it in this country on any 

 except Castanea and Quercus. It seemed possible that the European 

 strain of the fungus might be somewhat more plurivorous^ in its 

 habits than the American. In order to throw some light on this 

 point, the following inoculations were made : 



On March 31, 1914, 10 inoculations were made, half of European and half 

 of American material, at Francis, Md., on the following hosts : Alnus rugosa, 

 Betula nigra, Carpinus caroliniana, Carya glabra, Fagus grandifoUa, Lirio- 

 dendron tulipifera, and Liquidambar styraciflua. Pycnidia appeared only on 

 Carya glabra and Carpinus caroliniana. Of the inoculations which actually 

 produced pycnidia, four on Carpinus and three on Carya, one of each was the 

 European strain. 



On April 22 inoculations were made with American material of E. fluens at 

 Kensington, Md., on Acer rubrum, Carya glabra, Cornus florida, Fagus grandi- 

 folia, Prunus serotina, Quercus prinus, Sassafras variifolium, Vaccinium sp., 



1 This term is proposed to apply to fungi occurring on two or more hosts or substrata 

 and may be applied to all fungi except true parasites. It is derived from plus (plur-), 

 more, and vorwre, to devour. Compare omnivorous already in use for fungi. 



The term pleioxonous might be derived from De Bary's proposed word pleioxony and 

 applied to true parasites having the power to invade more than one species of host plant, 

 and the term plurivorous restricted to nonparasitic organisms. 



