6 



BULLETIN 386;, U. S. DEPAETMENT OF AGRICULTUEE. 



in 1909 to 39.3 per cent in 1914 was due to the fact that many of 

 these roads have been surface-treated and are now classed as bitumi- 

 nous macadam or bituminous-treated roads. 



Of the 11,942.8 miles surfaced from the close of 1909 to the close 

 of 1914, 9,629.82, which excludes second-class township roads in 

 Pennsylvania, are classified as follows: 3,539.15, or 37 per cent, were 

 treated with bitumen in some form; 1,992.75, or 20.5 per cent, were 

 plain macadam; 2,501.32, or 26 per cent, were plain gravel; 485.95, 

 or 5 per cent, were brick or concrete; and 1,110.65, or 11.5 per cent 

 were of other materials. This indicates conclusively that in the sec- 

 tions of country where heavy automobile traffic prevails, the old 

 standard type of waterbound macadam has had its day. 



Detailed information on the mileage of improved surfaces, by years 

 and States, is shown in Table 5. 



Table 5. — Percentage by types of siirfaced-road mileage. 



state. 



Year. 



Mac- 

 adam. 



Gravel. 



Bitumi- 

 nous. 



Brick. 



Concrete. 



•other 

 materials. 





1904 

 1909 

 1914 



1904 

 1909 

 1914 



1904 

 1909 

 1914 



37.2 

 36.1 

 38.0 



78.4 

 76.8 

 30.7 



100.0 



82.1 



1 03. 9 



62.8 

 63.9 

 37.1 



17.2 

 17.0 

 48.5 





















20.0 



1.0 



1.6 



2.2 





6.2 

 7.0 













4.3 



9.5 











13.0 

 17.9 









4.9 





'6.7 



19.1 





2 12.4 









1 state highways only. 



2 Concrete, stone block, flint, and stone. 



DETAILED INFORMATION BY STATES. 



Detailed information regarding sources and amounts of revenues, 

 bonds issued and outstanding, mileage of improved and unimproved 

 roads, systems of administration, and other factors affecting road 

 improvement are presented in the following chapters for New York, 

 New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, respectively. 



NEW JERSEY. 



By E. M. Vail, U. S. Collaborator. 



New Jersey is one of the most thickly populated States in the 

 Union and consequently has more wealth and more miles of roads 

 to the square mile of area than most of the other States where towiis 

 and cities and their connecting highways are of more recent con- 

 struction. 



The first roads of New Jersey were merely bridle paths or Indian 

 trails. These were crooked and circuitous, and as the years passed 

 they were widened with the increasing westward trend of settlement 



