Proportional Representation. 



45 



distribution must be applied; but if no one be raised 

 above the quota, the process of exclusion must be again 

 applied. 



Thus we must proceed by successive applications of the 

 processes of distribution of surplus and transference of papers 

 of excluded candidates until all the vacancies are filled, or 

 there remain no more candidates than vacancies. 



It is of importance to notice that the process of selecting 

 the ap papers from the parcel A P may be postponed under 

 certain circumstances. For if, after constructing Table II., 

 we see that the distribution will not cause any fresh election, 

 we may at once pass on to the process of exclusion. 



In illustration of the above process, suppose that there 

 are 11 candidates for 7 vacancies and that the whole num- 

 ber of votes polled is 799, so that the quota is 100. The 

 result of examining the parcels of papers is shown in the 

 table marked (a). 



(a) 



Q 



s 



T U V Total. 







13 



10 



7 



6 



5 



3 



2 



46 



A 



47 



101 



10 



15 



111 



8 



7 



3 



302 



B 



3 



14 



20 



31 



30 



17 



25 



19 



4 



159 



C 



17 



31 



32 



21 



49 



11 



7 



5 



146 



D 



2 



43 



57 



7 



2 



3 



1 



146 





98' 



162 



104 



159 



165 



39 



43 



29 



799 



This table is the table described above as Table I., with 

 the addition of two rows and one column. The first of 

 these rows shows the number of papers in the heaps of the 

 unelected candidates, P, Q, It, S, T, U, V, and the last 

 shows the sum of the numbers above it in each column. 

 The new column, marked " Total," shows the sum of the num- 

 bers in each row. The last row and the last column when 

 added up give each 799, which affords a verification. Con- 

 structing now Table II. as described above, with the addition 



